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We develop an off-policy actor-critic algorithm for learning an optimal policy from a training set composed of data from multiple individuals. This algorithm is developed with a view towards its use in mobile health.

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-19 S. A. Murphy , Y. Deng , E. B. Laber , H. R. Maei , R. S. Sutton , K. Witkiewitz

A widely used technique for improving policies is success conditioning, in which one collects trajectories, identifies those that achieve a desired outcome, and updates the policy to imitate the actions taken along successful trajectories.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Daniel Russo

We study how to optimally design selection mechanisms, accounting for agents' investment incentives. A principal wishes to allocate a resource of homogeneous quality to a heterogeneous population of agents. The principal commits to a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-11 Victor Augias , Eduardo Perez-Richet

Based on administrative data of unemployed in Belgium, we estimate the labour market effects of three training programmes at various aggregation levels using Modified Causal Forests, a causal machine learning estimator. While all programmes…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-12-20 Bart Cockx , Michael Lechner , Joost Bollens

Targeting and personalization policies can be used to improve outcomes beyond the uniform policy that assigns the best performing treatment in an A/B test to everyone. Personalization relies on the presence of heterogeneity of treatment…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-12 Anya Shchetkina

Altruistic lobbying is lobbying in the public interest or in the interest of the least protected part of the society. In fact, an altruist has a wide range of strategies, from behaving in the interest of the society as a whole to the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Pavel Chebotarev , Zoya Lezina , Anton Loginov , Yana Tsodikova

In this study, we introduce a novel two-pronged scoring system to measure individual and systemic bias in immigration courts under the U.S. Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR). We analyze nearly 6 million immigration court…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Vyoma Raman , Catherine Vera , CJ Manna

Immigration has shaped many nations, posing the challenge of integrating immigrants into society. While economists often focus on immigrants' economic outcomes compared to natives (such as education, labor market success, and health) social…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-02 Natalia Montinari , Matteo Ploner , Veronica Rattini

We study the design of multi-armed parallel group clinical trials to estimate personalized treatment rules that identify the best treatment for a given patient with given covariates. Assuming that the outcomes in each treatment arm are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-13 David Azriel , Yosef Rinott , Martin Posch

An individualized treatment rule (ITR) is a decision rule that recommends treatments for patients based on their individual feature variables. In many practices, the ideal ITR for the primary outcome is also expected to cause minimal harm…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-24 Daiqi Gao , Yuanjia Wang , Donglin Zeng

We develop a mathematical framework to define an optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) within the context of prioritized outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. Our optimality criterion is based on the framework of generalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 François Petit , Gérard Biau , Raphaël Porcher

Vaccination has been proven to be the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases. However, in many low and middle-income countries with geographically dispersed and nomadic populations, last-mile vaccine delivery can be extremely…

Applications · Statistics 2021-04-30 Yuwen Yang , Jayant Rajgopal

Cooperation in an open dynamic system fundamentally depends upon information distributed across its components. Yet in an environment with rapidly enlarging complexity, this information may need to change adaptively to enable not only…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-06 Wonhee Jeong , Tarik Hadzibeganovic , Unjong Yu

The allocation of scarce donor organs constitutes one of the most consequential algorithmic challenges in healthcare. While the field is rapidly transitioning from rigid, rule-based systems to machine learning and data-driven optimization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ioannis Anagnostides , Itai Zilberstein , Zachary W. Sollie , Arman Kilic , Tuomas Sandholm

Autonomous assistance of people with motor impairments is one of the most promising applications of autonomous robotic systems. Recent studies have reported encouraging results using deep reinforcement learning (RL) in the healthcare…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Takayuki Osa , Tatsuya Harada

Policy learning utilizing observational data is pivotal across various domains, with the objective of learning the optimal treatment assignment policy while adhering to specific constraints such as fairness, budget, and simplicity. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-12 Pan Zhao , Antoine Chambaz , Julie Josse , Shu Yang

We propose new, optimal methods for analyzing randomized trials, when it is suspected that treatment effects may differ in two predefined subpopulations. Such sub-populations could be defined by a biomarker or risk factor measured at…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-26 Michael Rosenblum , Han Liu , and En-Hsu Yen

We propose a new method to immunize populations or computer networks against epidemics which is more efficient than any method considered before. The novelty of our method resides in the way of determining the immunization targets. First we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-03 Christian M. Schneider , Tamara Mihaljev , Hans J. Herrmann

In optimal policy problems where treatment effects vary at the individual level, optimally allocating treatments to recipients is complex even when potential outcomes are known. We present an algorithm for multi-arm treatment allocation…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-04-30 Torben S. D. Johansen

Strategic incentives may lead to inefficient and unequal provision of public services. A prominent example is school admissions. Existing research shows that applicants "play the system" by submitting school rankings strategically. We…