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In a measurement-device-independent or quantum-refereed protocol, a referee can verify whether two parties share entanglement or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering without the need to trust either of the parties or their devices. The…

Starting from the late 60's many experiments have been performed to verify the violation Bell's inequality by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type correlations. The idea of these experiments being that: (i) Bell's inequality is a consequence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 Luigi Accardi , Massimo Regoli

The no-signalling principle is a fundamental assumption in Bell-inequality and quantum-steering experiments. Nonetheless, experimental imperfections can lead to apparent violations beyond those expected from finite-sample statistics. Here,…

Certification and quantification of correlations for multipartite states of quantum systems appear to be a central task in quantum information theory. We give here a unitary quantum-mechanical perspective of both entanglement and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-05 Paulina Marian , Tudor A. Marian

Quantum steering enables one party to communicate with another remote party even if the sender is untrusted. Such characteristics of quantum systems not only provide direct applications to quantum information science, but are also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-01 Che-Ming Li , Hsin-Pin Lo , Liang-Yu Chen , Atsushi Yabushita

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering demonstrates that two parties share entanglement even if the measurement devices of one party are untrusted. Here, going beyond this bipartite concept, we develop a novel formalism to explore a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-02 Che-Ming Li , Kai Chen , Yueh-Nan Chen , Qiang Zhang , Yu-Ao Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

There are possible physical theories that give greater violations of Bell's inequalities than the corresponding Tsirelson bound, termed post-quantum non-locality. Such theories do not violate special relativity, but could give an advantage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Ana Belén Sainz , Paul Skrzypczyk , Matty J. Hoban

One of the striking properties of quantum mechanics is the occurrence of the Bell-type non-locality. They are a fundamental feature of the theory that allows two parties that share an entangled quantum system to observe correlations…

Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky (EPR) steering or quantum steering describes the "spooky-action-at-a-distance" that one party is able to remotely alter the states of the other if they share a certain entangled state. Generally, it admits an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-28 Yu Xiang , Shuming Cheng , Qihuang Gong , Zbigniew Ficek , Qiongyi He

Protocols for testing or exploiting quantum correlations-such as entanglement, Bell nonlocality, and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering- generally assume a common reference frame between two parties. Establishing such a frame is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 Sabine Wollmann , Michael J. W. Hall , Raj B. Patel , Howard M. Wiseman , Geoff J. Pryde

We use entropic uncertainty relations to formulate inequalities that witness Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering correlations in diverse quantum systems. We then use these inequalities to formulate symmetric EPR-steering inequalities…

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering describes how different ensembles of quantum states can be remotely prepared by measuring one particle of an entangled pair. Here, we investigate quantum steering for single quantum d-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Che-Ming Li , Yueh-Nan Chen , Neill Lambert , Ching-Yi Chiu , Franco Nori

An operational concept of locality whose quantum violation is indicated independently of any other assumption(s) seems to be lacking in the quantum foundations literature so far. Bell's theorem only shows that quantum correlations violate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-03 R. Srikanth

In statistics and causal modeling it is common for a selection process to induce correlations in a subset of an uncorrelated ensemble. We propose that EPR and Bell correlations are selection artefacts of this kind. The selection process is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Huw Price , Ken Wharton

Quantum nonlocality manifests in multipartite systems through entanglement, Bell's nonlocality, and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering. While Peres's positive-partial-transpose criterion provides a simple and powerful test for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yu-Xuan Zhang , Jing-Ling Chen

The celebrated Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quantum steering has a complex structure in the multipartite scenario. We show that a naively defined criterion for multipartite steering allows, like in Bell nonlocality, for a contradictory effect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-07 M. M. Taddei , T. L. Silva , R. V. Nery , G. H. Aguilar , S. P. Walborn , L. Aolita

This work presents a scheme for engineering quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering with Gaussian measurements based on the quantum Hopfield model that incorporates a common thermal reservoir. We begin by examining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Yu-qiang Liu , Shan Sun , Yi-jia Yang , Zheng Liu , Xingdong Zhao , Zunlue Zhu , Wuming Liu , Chang-shui Yu

Non-Gaussian quantum states are a known necessary resource for reaching a quantum advantage and for violating Bell inequalities in continuous variable systems. As one kind of manifestation of quantum correlations, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Mingsheng Tian , Zihang Zou , Da Zhang , David Barral , Kamel Bencheikh , Qiongyi He , Feng-Xiao Sun , Yu Xiang

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering allows two parties to verify their entanglement, even if one party's measurements are untrusted. This concept has not only provided new insights into the nature of non-local spatial correlations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-14 Ching-Yi Chiu , Neill Lambert , Teh-Lu Liao , Franco Nori , Che-Ming Li

Occupying a position between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Many criteria have been proposed and experimentally implemented to characterize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Zhihua Chen , Xiangjun Ye , Shaoming Fei