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Sampling critical testing scenarios is an essential step in intelligence testing for Automated Vehicles (AVs). However, due to the lack of prior knowledge on the distribution of critical scenarios in sampling space, we can hardly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Jingwei Ge , Pengbo Wang , Cheng Chang , Yi Zhang , Danya Yao , Li Li

Scenario-based testing of automated driving functions has become a promising method to reduce time and cost compared to real-world testing. In scenario-based testing automated functions are evaluated in a set of pre-defined scenarios. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Christoph Glasmacher , Michael Schuldes , Sleiman El Masri , Lutz Eckstein

Simulation is a prospective method for generating diverse and realistic traffic scenarios to aid in the development of driving decision-making systems. However, existing simulators often fall short in diverse scenarios or interactive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yueyuan Li , Songan Zhang , Mingyang Jiang , Xingyuan Chen , Yeqiang Qian , Chunxiang Wang , Ming Yang

This study underscores the vital importance of intelligent driving functions in enhancing road safety and driving comfort. Central to our research is the challenge of obtaining sufficient test data for evaluating these functions, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Nico Schick , Franjo Čičak

Autonomous systems are becoming an integral part of many application domains, like in the mobility sector. However, ensuring their safe and correct behaviour in dynamic and complex environments remains a significant challenge, where systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Selma Saidi , Omar Laimona , Christoph Schmickler , Dirk Ziegenbein

Autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) can improve safety and efficiency for safety-critical applications, but require rigorous testing before deployment. The complexity of these systems often precludes the use of formal verification and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Anthony Corso , Robert J. Moss , Mark Koren , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

High-definition roads are an essential component of realistic driving scenario simulation for autonomous vehicle testing. Roundabouts are one of the key road segments that have not been thoroughly investigated. Based on the geometric…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Zarif Ikram , Golam Md Muktadir , Jim Whitehead

A reliable stereo algorithm is critical for many robotics applications. But textureless and specular regions can easily cause failure by making feature matching difficult. Understanding whether an algorithm is robust to these hazardous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Yi Zhang , Weichao Qiu , Qi Chen , Xiaolin Hu , Alan Yuille

Autonomous driving faces critical challenges in rare long-tail events and complex multi-agent interactions, which are scarce in real-world data yet essential for robust safety validation. This paper presents a high-fidelity scenario…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuhang Wang , Heye Huang , Zhenhua Xu , Kailai Sun , Baoshen Guo , Jinhua Zhao

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

Safety validation of autonomous driving systems is extremely challenging due to the high risks and costs of real-world testing as well as the rarity and diversity of potential failures. To address these challenges, we train a denoising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Juanran Wang , Marc R. Schlichting , Harrison Delecki , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Generating safety-critical scenarios, which are crucial yet difficult to collect, provides an effective way to evaluate the robustness of autonomous driving systems. However, the diversity of scenarios and efficiency of generation methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Wenhao Ding , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Collaborative perception allows connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to improve perception by sharing sensory data, but it also introduces security risks from manipulated inputs. Prior work shows that attackers can spoof or remove…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Qingzhao Zhang , Runting Zhang , Z. Morley Mao

Recent advancements in computer graphics technology allow more realistic ren-dering of car driving environments. They have enabled self-driving car simulators such as DeepGTA-V and CARLA (Car Learning to Act) to generate large amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Minh Cao , Ramin Ramezani

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

The adoption process of innovative software-intensive technologies leverages complex trust concerns in different forms and shapes. Perceived safety plays a fundamental role in technology adoption, being especially crucial in the case of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Danish Iqbal , Barbora Buhnova , Emilia Cioroaica

Safety and cost are two important concerns for the development of autonomous driving technologies. From the academic research to commercial applications of autonomous driving vehicles, sufficient simulation and real world testing are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Xuemin Hu , Shen Li , Tingyu Huang , Bo Tang , Rouxing Huai , Long Chen

This paper introduces CRITICAL, a novel closed-loop framework for autonomous vehicle (AV) training and testing. CRITICAL stands out for its ability to generate diverse scenarios, focusing on critical driving situations that target specific…

The verification of cyber-physical systems operating in a safety-critical environment requires formal system models. The validity of the verification hinges on the precision of the model: possible behavior not captured in the model can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Niklas Metzger , Sanny Schmitt , Maximilian Schwenger