Related papers: The Effectiveness of Applying Different Strategies…
Text-based secrets are still the most commonly used authentication mechanism in information systems. IT managers must strike a balance between security and memorability while developing password policies. Initially introduced as more secure…
The performance of machine learning algorithms can be improved by combining the output of different systems. In this paper we apply this idea to the recognition of noun phrases.We generate different classifiers by using different…
We propose and compare various sentence selection strategies for active learning for the task of detecting mentions of entities. The best strategy employs the sum of confidences of two statistical classifiers trained on different views of…
On the premise that we are using passwords composed of multiple English words, we argue that using syntactically correct passphrases has no significant impact on the security in comparison to randomly arranged collections of words. We only…
Given the choice, users produce passwords reflecting common strategies and patterns that ease recall but offer uncertain and often weak security. System-assigned passwords provide measurable security but suffer from poor memorability. To…
Understanding the ways in which information achieves widespread public awareness is a research question of significant interest. We consider whether, and how, the way in which the information is phrased --- the choice of words and sentence…
We estimate the security of dictionary-based PINs (Personal Identification Numbers) that a user selects from his/her memory without any additional aids. The estimates take into account the distribution of words in source language. We use…
Passwords are the most common mechanism for authenticating users online. However, studies have shown that users find it difficult to create and manage secure passwords. To that end, passphrases are often recommended as a usable alternative…
The major system is a mnemonic system that can be used to memorize sequences of numbers. In this work, we present a method to automatically generate sentences that encode a given number. We propose several encoding models and compare the…
The forgetting curve has been extensively explored by psychologists, educationalists and cognitive scientists alike. In the context of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, modelling the forgetting curve for each user and knowledge component (e.g.…
Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) are commonly used as an authentication mechanism. An important security requirement is that PINs should be hard to guess for an attacker. On the other hand, remembering several random PINs can be…
Word frequency is assumed to correlate with word familiarity, but the strength of this correlation has not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we report on our analysis of the correlation between a word familiarity rating list…
For news headlines to influence beliefs and drive action, relevant information needs to be retained and retrievable from memory. In this probing study we draw on experiment designs from cognitive psychology to examine how a specific…
This meta-study explores the relationships between humor, phonemic bigram surprisal, emotional valence, and memory recall. Prior research indicates that words with higher phonemic surprisal are more readily remembered, suggesting that…
We assume that recommender systems are more successful, when they are based on a thorough understanding of how people process information. In the current paper we test this assumption in the context of social tagging systems. Cognitive…
The training of modern large language models (LLMs) takes place in a regime where most training examples are seen only a few times by the model during the course of training. What does a model remember about such examples seen only a few…
In this paper, we study an under-explored area of language and vocabulary learning: keyword mnemonics, a technique for memorizing vocabulary through memorable associations with a target word via a verbal cue. Typically, creating verbal cues…
In machine translation and man-machine dialogue, it is important to clarify referents of noun phrases. We present a method for determining the referents of noun phrases in Japanese sentences by using the referential properties, modifiers,…
One advantage of neural ranking models is that they are meant to generalise well in situations of synonymity i.e. where two words have similar or identical meanings. In this paper, we investigate and quantify how well various ranking models…
Passphrases offer an alternative to traditional passwords which aim to be stronger and more memorable. However, users tend to choose short passphrases with predictable patterns that may reduce the security they offer. To explore the…