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How should we decide which fairness criteria or definitions to adopt in machine learning systems? To answer this question, we must study the fairness preferences of actual users of machine learning systems. Stringent parity constraints on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Angie Peng , Jeff Naecker , Ben Hutchinson , Andrew Smart , Nyalleng Moorosi

The adoption of automated, data-driven decision making in an ever expanding range of applications has raised concerns about its potential unfairness towards certain social groups. In this context, a number of recent studies have focused on…

The mechanism behind the emergence of cooperation in both biological and social systems is currently not understood. In particular, human behavior in the Ultimatum game is almost always irrational, preferring mutualistic sharing strategies,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-09-15 Yunong Chen , Andrew Belmonte , Christopher Griffin

To model combinatorial decision problems involving uncertainty and probability, we introduce stochastic constraint programming. Stochastic constraint programs contain both decision variables (which we can set) and stochastic variables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-09 Toby Walsh

The consumers' willingness to pay plays an important role in economic theory and in setting policy. For a market, this function can often be estimated from observed behavior -- preferences are revealed. However, economists would like to…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-02 Edoh Y. Amiran , Joni S. James Charles

In this paper we study continuous-time stochastic control problems with both monotone and classical controls motivated by the so-called public good contribution problem. That is the problem of n economic agents aiming to maximize their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-23 Giorgio Ferrari , Frank Riedel , Jan-Henrik Steg

We study the utilitarian distortion of social choice mechanisms under the recently proposed learning-augmented framework where some (possibly unreliable) predicted information about the preferences of the agents is given as input. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Aris Filos-Ratsikas , Georgios Kalantzis , Alexandros A. Voudouris

The concept of "stochastic precedence" between two real-valued random variables has often emerged in different applied frameworks. In this paper we consider a slightly more general, and completely natural, concept of stochastic precedence…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-17 Emilio De Santis , Fabio Fantozzi , Fabio Spizzichino

Humans use social context to specify preferences over behaviors, i.e. their reward functions. Yet, algorithms for inferring reward models from preference data do not take this social learning view into account. Inspired by pragmatic human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Andi Peng , Yuying Sun , Tianmin Shu , David Abel

Many policies allocate harms or benefits that are uncertain in nature: they produce distributions over the population in which individuals have different probabilities of incurring harm or benefit. Comparing different policies thus involves…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Hoda Heidari , Solon Barocas , Jon Kleinberg , Karen Levy

Several examples of Cyber-physical human systems (CPHS) include real-time decisions from humans as a necessary building block for the successful performance of the overall system. Many of these decision-making problems necessitate an…

General Economics · Economics 2022-10-17 Anuradha M. Annaswamy , Vineet Jagadeesan Nair

Approaches for estimating preferences from human annotated data typically involves inducing a distribution over a ranked list of choices such as the Plackett-Luce model. Indeed, modern AI alignment tools such as Reward Modelling and Direct…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-20 Chirag Nagpal

Probabilistic models can learn users' preferences from the history of their item adoptions on a social media site, and in turn, recommend new items to users based on learned preferences. However, current models ignore psychological factors…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-11-07 Jeon-Hyung Kang , Kristina Lerman

User response to contributed content in online social media depends on many factors. These include how the site lays out new content, how frequently the user visits the site, how many friends the user follows, how active these friends are,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-08-14 Tad Hogg , Kristina Lerman , Laura M. Smith

Consider the seller's problem of finding optimal prices for her $n$ (divisible) goods when faced with a set of $m$ consumers, given that she can only observe their purchased bundles at posted prices, i.e., revealed preferences. We study…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Ziwei Ji , Ruta Mehta , Matus Telgarsky

Inverse optimal control can be used to characterize behavior in sequential decision-making tasks. Most existing work, however, is limited to fully observable or linear systems, or requires the action signals to be known. Here, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Dominik Straub , Matthias Schultheis , Heinz Koeppl , Constantin A. Rothkopf

I study altruistic choices through the lens of a cognitively noisy decision-maker. I introduce a theoretical framework that demonstrates how increased cognitive noise can directionally affect altruistic decisions and put its implications to…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-03 Niklas M. Witzig

We study the consumption behaviour of an asymmetric network of heterogeneous agents in the framework of discrete choice models with stochastic decision rules. We assume that the interactions among agents are uniquely specified by their…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Giulia Iori , Vassilis Koulovassilopoulos

In this paper, preys with stochastic evasion policies are considered. The stochasticity adds unpredictable changes to the prey's path for avoiding predator's attacks. The prey's cost function is composed of two terms balancing the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Farhad Farokhi , Magnus Egerstedt

Using theory and experiments, this paper shows that the difficulty of making tradeoffs offers a parsimonious explanation for a wide range of behavioral phenomena. We develop a model of imprecise comparisons applicable to multiattribute,…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-01 Cassidy Shubatt , Jeffrey Yang