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Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires a model to retrieve and integrate information from different parts of a long text to answer a question. Humans answer this kind of complex questions via a divide-and-conquer approach. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Yixuan Tang , Hwee Tou Ng , Anthony K. H. Tung

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) has attracted a lot of interest in recent years, especially for complex questions which require multiple facts to answer. Question decomposition is a promising way to answer complex questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Xiang Huang , Sitao Cheng , Yiheng Shu , Yuheng Bao , Yuzhong Qu

Multi-hop Reading Comprehension (RC) requires reasoning and aggregation across several paragraphs. We propose a system for multi-hop RC that decomposes a compositional question into simpler sub-questions that can be answered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Sewon Min , Victor Zhong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

We tackle the problem of weakly-supervised conversational Question Answering over large Knowledge Graphs using a neural semantic parsing approach. We introduce a new Logical Form (LF) grammar that can model a wide range of queries on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Pierre Marion , Paweł Krzysztof Nowak , Francesco Piccinno

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in the biomedical domain requires benchmarks that can distinguish reasoning from pattern matching and remain discriminative as model capabilities improve. Existing biomedical question answering (QA)…

Scaling Visual Question Answering (VQA) to the open-domain and multi-hop nature of web searches, requires fundamental advances in visual representation learning, knowledge aggregation, and language generation. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yingshan Chang , Mridu Narang , Hisami Suzuki , Guihong Cao , Jianfeng Gao , Yonatan Bisk

Retrieving information from correlative paragraphs or documents to answer open-domain multi-hop questions is very challenging. To deal with this challenge, most of the existing works consider paragraphs as nodes in a graph and propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Nan Shao , Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

The Web of Linked Data is composed of tons of RDF documents interlinked to each other forming a huge repository of distributed semantic data. Effectively querying this distributed data source is an important open problem in the Semantic Web…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Olaf Hartig , Jorge Pérez

Multi-hop QA (MHQA) involves step-by-step reasoning to answer complex questions and find multiple relevant supporting facts. However, Existing large language models'(LLMs) reasoning ability in multi-hop question answering remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jian Wu , Linyi Yang , Yuliang Ji , Wenhao Huang , Börje F. Karlsson , Manabu Okumura

We consider fact-checking approaches that aim to predict the veracity of assertions in knowledge graphs. Five main categories of fact-checking approaches for knowledge graphs have been proposed in the recent literature, of which each is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Umair Qudus , Michael Roeder , Muhammad Saleem , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

Data-driven systems need to be evaluated to establish trust in the scientific approach and its applicability. In particular, this is true for Knowledge Graph (KG) Question Answering (QA), where complex data structures are made accessible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Aleksandr Perevalov , Xi Yan , Liubov Kovriguina , Longquan Jiang , Andreas Both , Ricardo Usbeck

Charts are very popular for analyzing data. When exploring charts, people often ask a variety of complex reasoning questions that involve several logical and arithmetic operations. They also commonly refer to visual features of a chart in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Ahmed Masry , Do Xuan Long , Jia Qing Tan , Shafiq Joty , Enamul Hoque

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) is a crucial task in natural language processing that requires reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs) to answer natural language questions. Recent methods utilizing large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xiujun Zhou , Pingjian Zhang , Deyou Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various tasks but remain prone to hallucinations in knowledge-intensive scenarios. Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) mitigates this by grounding generation in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shuai Wang , Xixi Wang , Yinan Yu

Answering questions that require multi-hop reasoning at web-scale necessitates retrieving multiple evidence documents, one of which often has little lexical or semantic relationship to the question. This paper introduces a new graph-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Akari Asai , Kazuma Hashimoto , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Multi-hop reasoning for question answering (QA) plays a critical role in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for modern large language models (LLMs). The accurate answer can be obtained through retrieving relational structure of entities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Changhao Wang , Yanfang Liu , Xinxin Fan , Anzhi Zhou , Lao Tian , Yunfeng Lu

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) involves retrieving facts from a Knowledge Graph (KG) using natural language queries. A KG is a curated set of facts consisting of entities linked by relations. Certain facts include also temporal…

Question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA) has evolved from simple single-fact questions to complex questions that require graph traversal and aggregation. We propose a novel approach for complex KGQA that uses unsupervised message…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Svitlana Vakulenko , Javier David Fernandez Garcia , Axel Polleres , Maarten de Rijke , Michael Cochez

Answering complex queries on incomplete knowledge graphs is a challenging task where a model needs to answer complex logical queries in the presence of missing knowledge. Prior work in the literature has proposed to address this problem by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Erik Arakelyan , Pasquale Minervini , Daniel Daza , Michael Cochez , Isabelle Augenstein

Answering complex logical queries on incomplete knowledge graphs is a challenging task, and has been widely studied. Embedding-based methods require training on complex queries, and cannot generalize well to out-of-distribution query…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Juanzi Li , Lei Hou