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Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) such as ARM TrustZone are widely used in IoT and embedded devices to protect sensitive code and data. However, most existing defenses focus on secure boot or REE-side monitoring and provide little…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jingkai Mao , Xiaolin Chang

As an emerging technique for confidential computing, trusted execution environment (TEE) receives a lot of attention. To better develop, deploy, and run secure applications on a TEE platform such as Intel's SGX, both academic and industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Weijie Liu , Hongbo Chen , XiaoFeng Wang , Zhi Li , Danfeng Zhang , Wenhao Wang , Haixu Tang

A TPM (trusted platform module) is a chip present mostly on newer motherboards, and its primary function is to create, store and work with cryptographic keys. This dedicated chip can serve to authenticate other devices or to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-08-16 Alin Suciu , Tudor Carean

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) provide hardware-enforced isolation that protects sensitive code and data from untrusted software. Despite their strong security guarantees, analyzing TEE applications remains challenging due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chengyan Ma , Jieke Shi , Ruidong Han , Ye Liu , Yuqing Niu , David Lo

Boot firmware, like UEFI-compliant firmware, has been the target of numerous attacks, giving the attacker control over the entire system while being undetected. The measured boot mechanism of a computer platform ensures its integrity by…

In the last two decades, the evolving cyber-threat landscape has brought to center stage the contentious tradeoffs between the security and performance of modern microprocessors. The guarantees provided by the hardware to ensure no…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Nikhilesh Singh , Vinod Ganesan , Chester Rebeiro

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in circuit design tasks and have typically undergone multiple rounds of training. Both the trained models and their associated training data are considered confidential intellectual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Dong Ben , Hui Feng , Qian Wang

This paper evaluates new security threats due to the processor frontend in modern Intel processors. The root causes of the security threats are the multiple paths in the processor frontend that the micro-operations can take: through the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Shuwen Deng , Bowen Huang , Jakub Szefer

In a hostile network environment, users must communicate without being detected. This involves blending in with the existing traffic. In some cases, a higher degree of secrecy is required. We present a proof-of-concept format transforming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Jonathan Oakley , Lu Yu , Xingsi Zhong , Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy , Richard Brooks

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is rapidly emerging as a promising foundation for privacy-preserving cloud services, enabling computation directly on encrypted data. As FHE implementations mature and begin moving toward practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jianan Mu , Ge Yu , Zhaoxuan Kan , Song Bian , Liang Kong , Zizhen Liu , Cheng Liu , Jing Ye , Huawei Li

Intel SGX and hypervisors isolate non-privileged programs from other software, ensuring confidentiality and integrity. However, side-channel attacks continue to threaten Intel SGX's security, enabling malicious OS to manipulate PTE present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Gang Liu , Ningjie Li , Cen Chen

Fault-injection attacks have been proven in the past to be a reliable way of bypassing hardware-based security measures, such as cryptographic hashes, privilege and access permission enforcement, and trusted execution environments. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Zijo Kenjar , Tommaso Frassetto , David Gens , Michael Franz , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Intel Trust Domain Extensions (TDX) is a new architectural extension in the 4th Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processor that supports confidential computing. TDX allows the deployment of virtual machines in the Secure-Arbitration Mode…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Pau-Chen Cheng , Wojciech Ozga , Enriquillo Valdez , Salman Ahmed , Zhongshu Gu , Hani Jamjoom , Hubertus Franke , James Bottomley

Medical foundation models are gaining prominence in the medical community for their ability to derive general representations from extensive collections of medical image-text pairs. Recent research indicates that these models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Asif Hanif , Fahad Shamshad , Muhammad Awais , Muzammal Naseer , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Karthik Nandakumar , Salman Khan , Rao Muhammad Anwer

A backdoor deep learning (DL) model behaves normally upon clean inputs but misbehaves upon trigger inputs as the backdoor attacker desires, posing severe consequences to DL model deployments. State-of-the-art defenses are either limited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Yinshan Li , Hua Ma , Zhi Zhang , Yansong Gao , Alsharif Abuadbba , Anmin Fu , Yifeng Zheng , Said F. Al-Sarawi , Derek Abbott

Modern processors widely equip the Performance Monitoring Unit (PMU) to collect various architecture and microarchitecture events. Software developers often utilize the PMU to enhance program's performance, but the potential side effects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhouyang Li , Pengfei Qiu , Yu Qing , Chunlu Wang , Dongsheng Wang , Xiao Zhang , Gang Qu

In TrustZone-assisted TEEs, the trusted OS has unrestricted access to both secure and normal world memory. Unfortunately, this architectural limitation has opened an aisle of exploration for attackers, which have demonstrated how to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 David Cerdeira , José Martins , Nuno Santos , Sandro Pinto

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) embedded in IoT devices provide a deployable solution to secure IoT applications at the hardware level. By design, in TEEs, the Trusted Operating System (Trusted OS) is the primary component. It enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Qinying Wang , Boyu Chang , Shouling Ji , Yuan Tian , Xuhong Zhang , Binbin Zhao , Gaoning Pan , Chenyang Lyu , Mathias Payer , Wenhai Wang , Raheem Beyah

ARM Memory Tagging Extension (MTE) is a new hardware feature introduced in ARMv8.5-A architecture, aiming to detect memory corruption vulnerabilities. The low overhead of MTE makes it an attractive solution to mitigate memory corruption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Juhee Kim , Jinbum Park , Sihyeon Roh , Jaeyoung Chung , Youngjoo Lee , Taesoo Kim , Byoungyoung Lee

We present efficient and practical algorithms for a large, distributed system of processors to achieve reliable computations in a secure manner. Specifically, we address the problem of computing a general function of several private inputs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Donald Rozinak Beaver