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Progress in generative modelling, especially generative adversarial networks, have made it possible to efficiently synthesize and alter media at scale. Malicious individuals now rely on these machine-generated media, or deepfakes, to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Baiwu Zhang , Jin Peng Zhou , Ilia Shumailov , Nicolas Papernot

DeepFake involves the use of deep learning and artificial intelligence techniques to produce or change video and image contents typically generated by GANs. Moreover, it can be misused and leads to fictitious news, ethical and financial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Mahsa Soleimani , Ali Nazari , Mohsen Ebrahimi Moghaddam

Recent advances in artificial intelligence make it progressively hard to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit media, especially images and videos. One recent development is the rise of deepfake videos, based on manipulating videos…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Rashmiranjan Das , Gaurav Negi , Alan F. Smeaton

Deepfakes pose growing challenges to the trust of information on the Internet. Thus, detecting deepfakes has attracted increasing attentions from both academia and industry. State-of-the-art deepfake detection methods consist of two key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Xiaoyu Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Audio DeepFakes (DF) are artificially generated utterances created using deep learning, with the primary aim of fooling the listeners in a highly convincing manner. Their quality is sufficient to pose a severe threat in terms of security…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Piotr Kawa , Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

Current text-to-speech algorithms produce realistic fakes of human voices, making deepfake detection a much-needed area of research. While researchers have presented various techniques for detecting audio spoofs, it is often unclear exactly…

Social engineering (SE) is a form of deception that aims to trick people into giving access to data, information, networks and even money. For decades SE has been a key method for attackers to gain access to an organization, virtually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Yisroel Mirsky

In today's era of digital misinformation, we are increasingly faced with new threats posed by video falsification techniques. Such falsifications range from cheapfakes (e.g., lookalikes or audio dubbing) to deepfakes (e.g., sophisticated AI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Shruti Agarwal , Liwen Hu , Evonne Ng , Trevor Darrell , Hao Li , Anna Rohrbach

The last few years have significantly increased global interest in generative artificial intelligence. Deepfakes, which are synthetically created videos, emerged as an application of generative artificial intelligence. Fake news and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Deepak Giri , Erin Brady

With the advancement of AI generative techniques, Deepfake faces have become incredibly realistic and nearly indistinguishable to the human eye. To counter this, Deepfake detectors have been developed as reliable tools for assessing face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Shuaiwei Yuan , Junyu Dong , Yuezun Li

Currently, deep learning has been utilised to tackle several difficulties in our everyday lives. It not only exhibits progress in computer vision but also constitutes the foundation for several revolutionary technologies. Nonetheless,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Li Kun , Milena Radenkovic

Deepfake Technology Unveiled: The Commoditization of AI and Its Impact on Digital Trust. With the increasing accessibility of generative AI, tools for voice cloning, face-swapping, and synthetic media creation have advanced significantly,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Claudiu Popa , Rex Pallath , Liam Cunningham , Hewad Tahiri , Abiram Kesavarajah , Tao Wu

The proliferation of highly realistic singing voice deepfakes presents a significant challenge to protecting artist likeness and content authenticity. Automatic singer identification in vocal deepfakes is a promising avenue for artists and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Davide Salvi , Hendrik Vincent Koops , Elio Quinton

Deepfakes is a branch of malicious techniques that transplant a target face to the original one in videos, resulting in serious problems such as infringement of copyright, confusion of information, or even public panic. Previous efforts for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Zekun Sun , Yujie Han , Zeyu Hua , Na Ruan , Weijia Jia

The accelerated growth in synthetic visual media generation and manipulation has now reached the point of raising significant concerns and posing enormous intimidations towards society. There is an imperative need for automatic detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Ying Xu , Sule Yildirim Yayilgan

The free access to large-scale public databases, together with the fast progress of deep learning techniques, in particular Generative Adversarial Networks, have led to the generation of very realistic fake content with its corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ruben Tolosana , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Julian Fierrez , Aythami Morales , Javier Ortega-Garcia

The rapid advancement of generative models has enabled the creation of increasingly stealthy synthetic voices, commonly referred to as audio deepfakes. A recent technique, FOICE [USENIX'24], demonstrates a particularly alarming capability:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Nguyen Linh Bao Nguyen , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore , Tingmin Wu

Cheapfake is a recently coined term that encompasses non-AI ("cheap") manipulations of multimedia content. Cheapfakes are known to be more prevalent than deepfakes. Cheapfake media can be created using editing software for image/video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Duc-Tien Dang-Nguyen , Sohail Ahmed Khan , Cise Midoglu , Michael Riegler , Pål Halvorsen , Minh-Son Dao

DeepFake technology has gained significant attention due to its ability to manipulate facial attributes with high realism, raising serious societal concerns. Face-Swap DeepFake is the most harmful among these techniques, which fabricates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Pu Sun , Honggang Qi , Yuezun Li

Recent advances in generative models for language have enabled the creation of convincing synthetic text or deepfake text. Prior work has demonstrated the potential for misuse of deepfake text to mislead content consumers. Therefore,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jiameng Pu , Zain Sarwar , Sifat Muhammad Abdullah , Abdullah Rehman , Yoonjin Kim , Parantapa Bhattacharya , Mobin Javed , Bimal Viswanath