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Large language model (LLM) coding agents can generate working code, but their solutions often accumulate complexity, duplication, and architectural debt. Human developers address such issues through refactoring: behavior-preserving program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alex Thillen , Niels Mündler , Veselin Raychev , Martin Vechev

We present a novel benchmark designed to rigorously evaluate the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in mathematical reasoning and algorithmic code synthesis tasks. The benchmark comprises integer sequence generation tasks sourced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Daniel O'Malley , Manish Bhattarai , Nishath Rajiv Ranasinghe , Erick Draayer , Javier Santos

Recent work shows Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to understand natural language constraints for various text generation tasks in zero- and few-shot settings. While, in the code domain, there is wide usage of constraints in code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Mehant Kammakomati , Sameer Pimparkhede , Srikanth Tamilselvam , Prince Kumar , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

As LLMs are increasingly used as judges in code applications, they should be evaluated in realistic interactive settings that capture partial context and ambiguous intent. We present TRACE (Tool for Rubric Analysis in Code Evaluation), a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Aditya Mittal , Ryan Shar , Zichu Wu , Shyam Agarwal , Tongshuang Wu , Chris Donahue , Ameet Talwalkar , Wayne Chi , Valerie Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved their ability to perform tasks in the field of code generation. However, there is still a gap between LLMs being capable coders and being top-tier software engineers. Based on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Jie JW Wu , Fatemeh H Fard

Evaluating machine-generated text remains a significant challenge in NLP, especially for non-English languages. Current methodologies, including automated metrics, human assessments, and LLM-based evaluations, predominantly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Dilip Venkatesh , Raj Dabre , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Mitesh M. Khapra

Code security and usability are both essential for various coding assistant applications driven by large language models (LLMs). Current code security benchmarks focus solely on single evaluation task and paradigm, such as code completion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yutao Mou , Xiao Deng , Yuxiao Luo , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Large Language Models have shown prominent capabilities in generating functional code from natural language descriptions. However, a standardized way to evaluate these capabilities in an objective and unbiased manner is still to be found.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Álvaro Barbero Jiménez

While automatic metrics drive progress in Machine Translation (MT) and Text Summarization (TS), existing metrics have been developed and validated almost exclusively for English and other high-resource languages. This narrow focus leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Amir Hossein Yari , Kalmit Kulkarni , Ahmad Raza Khan , Fajri Koto

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered remarkable advancements across diverse code-related tasks, known as Code LLMs, particularly in code generation that generates source code with LLM from natural language descriptions. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jiasi Shen , Sungju Kim , Sunghun Kim

While a lot of recent research focuses on enhancing the textual reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by optimizing the multi-agent framework or reasoning chains, several benchmark tasks can be solved with 100\% success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yongchao Chen , Harsh Jhamtani , Srinagesh Sharma , Chuchu Fan , Chi Wang

Evaluation of large language models for code has primarily relied on static benchmarks, including HumanEval (Chen et al., 2021), or more recently using human preferences of LLM responses. As LLMs are increasingly used as programmer…

The programming capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized automatic code generation and opened new avenues for automatic statistical analysis. However, the validity and quality of these generated codes need to be…

Large Language Models are increasingly used in software engineering, but both code generation and its evaluation remain predominantly English-centric. This leaves a major gap in our understanding of how well current tools support…

The state-of-the-art language model-based automatic metrics, e.g. BARTScore, benefiting from large-scale contextualized pre-training, have been successfully used in a wide range of natural language generation (NLG) tasks, including machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Liping Xie , Kanjian Zhang , Derek F. Wong , Dacheng Tao

Measuring innovation often relies on context-specific proxies and on expert evaluation. Hence, empirical innovation research is often limited to settings where such data is available. We investigate how large language models (LLMs) can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Robin Nowak , Patrick Figge , Carolin Haeussler

This paper proposes CES, a task to evaluate the abilities of LLMs in simulating program execution and using that reasoning in programming tasks. Besides measuring the correctness of variable predictions during execution simulation, CES…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have substantially improved the functional correctness of code translation, the critical dimension of \textit{execution efficiency} remains overlooked. We present \textbf{\textsc{trace}}, the first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhihao Gong , Zeyu Sun , Dong Huang , Qingyuan Liang , Jie M. Zhang , Dan Hao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have substantially improved the functional correctness of code translation, the critical dimension of \textit{execution efficiency} remains overlooked. We present \textbf{\textsc{trace}}, the first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhihao Gong , Zeyu Sun , Dong Huang , Qingyuan Liang , Jie M. Zhang , Dan Hao