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In this paper we propose a detectability condition for nonlinear continuous-time systems with irregular/infrequent output measurements, namely a sample-based version of incremental integral input/output-to-state stability (i-iIOSS). We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Isabelle Krauss , Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

Observability is a fundamental structural property of any dynamic system and describes the possibility of reconstructing the state that characterizes the system from observing its inputs and outputs. Despite the huge effort made to study…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Agostino Martinelli

In this paper, we introduce the concept of observability of targeted state variables for systems that may not be fully observable. For their estimation, we introduce and exemplify a deep filter, which is a neural network specifically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-13 Wei Kang , Liang Xu , Hong Zhou

The paper proposes an adaptive observer of the state vector of a nonlinear time varying system based on measurements of the output variable. The problem is solved under the assumption that the control matrix (vector) and the nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-26 Olga Kozachek , Alexey Bobtsov , Nikolay Nikolaev

Effective optimization is essential for real-world interactive systems to provide a satisfactory user experience in response to changing user behavior. However, it is often challenging to find an objective to optimize for interactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Ziming Li , Julia Kiseleva , Alekh Agarwal , Maarten de Rijke , Ryen W. White

The concept of observability of linear systems initiated with Kalman in the mid 1950s. Roughly a decade later, the observability of nonlinear systems appeared. By such definitions a system is either observable or not. Continuous measures of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2019-05-06 Luis A. Aguirre , Leonardo L. Portes , Christophe Letellier

In this note, we investigate the structural controllability and observability indices of structured systems. We provide counter-examples showing that an existing graph-theoretic characterization for the structural controllability index…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-20 Yuan Zhang , Ranbo Cheng , Ziyuan Luo , Yuanqing Xia

The internal state of a dynamical system, a set of variables that defines its evolving configuration, is often hidden and cannot be fully measured, posing a central challenge for real-time monitoring and control. While observers are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Yuan Zhang , Ziyuan Luo , Wenxuan Xu , Jiayu Wu , Wenqi Cao , Ranbo Cheng , Tingting Qin , Yuanqing Xia , Mohamed Darouach , Aming Li , Tyrone Fernando

The problems of observability and identifiability have been of great interest as previous steps to estimating parameters and initial conditions of dynamical systems to which some known data (observations) are associated. While most works…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Alicja B Kubik , Benjamin Ivorra , Alain Rapaport , Ángel M Ramos

We consider the problem of determining the state of a quantum system given one or more readings of the expectation value of an observable. The system is assumed to be a finite dimensional quantum control system for which we can influence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Domenico D'Alessandro

All physical laws are described as relationships between state variables that give a complete and non-redundant description of the relevant system dynamics. However, despite the prevalence of computing power and AI, the process of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Boyuan Chen , Kuang Huang , Sunand Raghupathi , Ishaan Chandratreya , Qiang Du , Hod Lipson

This work attempts to discuss the observability of linear time-invariant systems with event-triggered measurements. A new notion of observability, namely, $\epsilon$-observability is defined with parameter $\epsilon$, which relates to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-31 Kaikai Zheng , Dawei Shi , Tongwen Chen

This paper addresses the synthesis of interval observers for partially unknown nonlinear systems subject to bounded noise, aiming to simultaneously estimate system states and learn a model of the unknown dynamics. Our approach leverages…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Mohammad Khajenejad , Zeyuan Jin

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are widely used to model dynamical behavior of systems. It is important to perform identifiability analysis prior to estimating unknown parameters in ODEs (a.k.a. inverse problem), because if a system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Xing Qiu , Tao Xu , Babak Soltanalizadeh , Hulin Wu

The development of disturbance estimators using extended state observers (ESOs) typically assumes that the system is observable. This paper introduces an improved method for systems that are initially unobservable, leveraging Taylor…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Cuong Duc Nguyen

The design of a nonlinear Luenberger observer for a parametrized linear SISO (single-input single-output) system is studied. From an observability assumption of the system, the existence of such an observer is concluded. In a second step, a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-05-11 Chouaib Afri , Vincent Andrieu , Laurent Bako , Pascal Dufour

A model-based extended state observer (MB-ESO) and its variant are proposed for discrete-time linear multivariable systems, where multiple disturbances are defined as an extended state vector in the same manner as in the original…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Jinfeng Chen , Zhiqiang Gao , Qin Lin

Sample-based observability characterizes the ability to reconstruct the internal state of a dynamical system by using limited output information, i.e., when measurements are only infrequently and/or irregularly available. In this work, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Isabelle Krauss , Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

Observability is the property that enables to distinguish two different locations in $n$-dimensional state space from a reduced number of measured variables, usually just one. In high-dimensional systems it is therefore important to make…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-06 Luis A. Aguirre , Leonardo L. Portes , Christophe Letellier

A fundamental challenge in robust visual-inertial odometry (VIO) is to dynamically assess the reliability of sensor measurements. This assessment is crucial for properly weighting the contribution of each measurement to the state estimate.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Seungwon Choi , Donggyu Park , Seo-Yeon Hwang , Tae-Wan Kim