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We propose advancing photonic in-memory computing through three-dimensional photonic-electronic integrated circuits using phase-change materials (PCM) and AlGaAs-CMOS technology. These circuits offer high precision (greater than 12 bits),…

Collocated data processing and storage are the norm in biological systems. Indeed, the von Neumann computing architecture, that physically and temporally separates processing and memory, was born more of pragmatism based on available…

In neuromorphic photonic systems, device operations are typically governed by analog signals, necessitating digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC). However, data movement between memory and these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sean Lam , Ahmed Khaled , Simon Bilodeau , Bicky A. Marquez , Paul R. Prucnal , Lukas Chrostowski , Bhavin J. Shastri , Sudip Shekhar

Photonic Random-Access Memories (P-RAM) are an essential component for the on-chip non-von Neumann photonic computing by eliminating optoelectronic conversion losses in data links. Emerging Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have been showed…

As CMOS scaling reaches its technological limits, a radical departure from traditional von Neumann systems, which involve separate processing and memory units, is needed in order to significantly extend the performance of today's computers.…

The integration of computing with memory is essential for distributed, massively parallel, and adaptive architectures such as neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI). Accelerating AI can be achieved through photonic computing, but…

Photonic computing is a computing paradigm which have great potential to overcome the energy bottlenecks of electronic von Neumann architecture. Throughput and power consumption are fundamental limitations of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Saurabh Ranjan , Sonika Thakral , Amit Sehgal

With the recent advances in optical phase change material (PCM), photonic in-memory neurocomputing has demonstrated its superiority in optical neural network (ONN) designs with near-zero static power consumption, time-of-light latency, and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Hanqing Zhu , Jiaqi Gu , Chenghao Feng , Mingjie Liu , Zixuan Jiang , Ray T. Chen , David Z. Pan

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a promising approach to programmable photonics thanks to their nonvolatile, reversible phase transitions and high refractive index contrast. However, conventional designs are limited by…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer an event-driven and more biologically realistic alternative to standard Artificial Neural Networks based on analog information processing. This can potentially enable energy-efficient hardware…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Indranil Chakraborty , Gobinda Saha , Kaushik Roy

High-performance programmable silicon photonic circuits are considered to be a critical part of next generation architectures for optical processing, photonic quantum circuits and neural networks. Low-loss optical phase change materials…

Neuromorphic photonics has recently emerged as a promising hardware accelerator, with significant potential speed and energy advantages over digital electronics, for machine learning algorithms such as neural networks of various types.…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-27 Changming Wu , Heshan Yu , Seokhyeong Lee , Ruoming Peng , Ichiro Takeuchi , Mo Li

Phase-change materials (PCMs) have emerged as key enablers of non-volatile, ultra-compact photonic switches for energy-efficient deep neural network (DNN) applications. In this work, we investigate the recently discovered…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-23 Arpan Sur , Sudipta Saha , Chih-Yu Lee , Ichiro Takeuchi

Machine-learning tasks performed by neural networks demonstrated useful capabilities for producing reliable, and repeatable intelligent decisions. Integrated photonics, leveraging both component miniaturization and the wave-nature of the…

A variety of complicated computational scenarios have made unprecedented demands on the computing power and energy efficiency of electronic computing systems, including solving intractable nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP)-complete…

Chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs) have been extensively applied in data storage, and they are now being proposed for high resolution displays, holographic displays, reprogrammable photonics, and all-optical neural networks. These…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-09 Yunzheng Wang , Jing Ning , Li Lu , Michel Bosman , Robert E. Simpson

The rapid rise of artificial intelligence, and in-memory computing has reinvigorated research on scalable, energy-efficient, and reconfigurable photonic hardware. Non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) are attractive, as they offer…

Recently, interest in programmable photonics integrated circuits has grown as a potential hardware framework for deep neural networks, quantum computing, and field programmable arrays (FPGAs). However, these circuits are constrained by the…

In-memory computing is a promising non-von Neumann approach for making energy-efficient deep learning inference hardware. Crossbar arrays of resistive memory devices can be used to encode the network weights and perform efficient analog…

Scalable programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can potentially transform the current state of classical and quantum optical information processing. However, traditional means of programming, including thermo-optic, free carrier…

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