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Existing pre-trained large language models have shown unparalleled generative capabilities. However, they are not controllable. In this paper, we propose MEGATRON-CNTRL, a novel framework that uses large-scale language models and adds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Peng Xu , Mostofa Patwary , Mohammad Shoeybi , Raul Puri , Pascale Fung , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

With in-context learning ability, the performance of large language models can be significantly boosted when provided with appropriate context. However, existing in-context learning methods mainly rely on human-provided contexts, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Jinghan Yang , Shuming Ma , Furu Wei

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Effective text generation and chat interfaces for low-resource languages (LRLs) remain a challenge for state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) to support. This is mainly due to the difficulty of curating high-quality instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mamadou K. Keita , Sebastien Diarra , Christopher Homan , Seydou Diallo

Since language models produce fake text quickly and easily, there is an oversupply of such content in the public domain. The degree of sophistication and writing style has reached a point where differentiating between human authored and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Dmytro Valiaiev

Evaluation of natural language generation (NLG) is complex and multi-dimensional. Generated text can be evaluated for fluency, coherence, factuality, or any other dimensions of interest. Most frameworks that perform such multi-dimensional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sameer Jain , Vaishakh Keshava , Swarnashree Mysore Sathyendra , Patrick Fernandes , Pengfei Liu , Graham Neubig , Chunting Zhou

As generative models become ubiquitous, there is a critical need for fine-grained control over the generation process. Yet, while controlled generation methods from prompting to fine-tuning proliferate, a fundamental question remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Emily Cheng , Carmen Amo Alonso , Federico Danieli , Arno Blaas , Luca Zappella , Pau Rodriguez , Xavier Suau

Natural language generation (NLG) is a critical component of spoken dialogue and it has a significant impact both on usability and perceived quality. Most NLG systems in common use employ rules and heuristics and tend to generate rigid and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-27 Tsung-Hsien Wen , Milica Gasic , Nikola Mrksic , Pei-Hao Su , David Vandyke , Steve Young

Scaling large language models (LLMs) leads to an emergent capacity to learn in-context from example demonstrations. Despite progress, theoretical understanding of this phenomenon remains limited. We argue that in-context learning relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Michael Hahn , Navin Goyal

Reference-based Text-to-Speech (TTS) models can generate multiple, prosodically-different renditions of the same target text. Such models jointly learn a latent acoustic space during training, which can be sampled from during inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Atli Thor Sigurgeirsson , Simon King

The standard definition generation task requires to automatically produce mono-lingual definitions (e.g., English definitions for English words), but ignores that the generated definitions may also consist of unfamiliar words for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Hengyuan Zhang , Dawei Li , Yanran Li , Chenming Shang , Chufan Shi , Yong Jiang

Aligning language models (LMs) with user intent is becoming increasingly relevant to enhance user experience. This calls for designing methods that can allow users to control the properties of the language that LMs generate, for example,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Vinay Samuel , Harshita Diddee , Yiming Zhang , Daphne Ippolito

ChatGPT has garnered significant interest due to its impressive performance; however, there is growing concern about its potential risks, particularly in the detection of AI-generated content (AIGC), which is often challenging for untrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenpeng Su , Xing Wu , Wei Zhou , Guangyuan Ma , Songlin Hu

Natural Language Generation (NLG) has made great progress in recent years due to the development of deep learning techniques such as pre-trained language models. This advancement has resulted in more fluent, coherent and even properties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Wei Li , Wenhao Wu , Moye Chen , Jiachen Liu , Xinyan Xiao , Hua Wu

High-quality instruction data is crucial for developing large language models (LLMs), yet existing approaches struggle to effectively control instruction complexity. We present TAG-INSTRUCT, a novel framework that enhances instruction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 He Zhu , Zhiwen Ruan , Junyou Su , Xingwei He , Yun Chen , Wenjia Zhang , Guanhua Chen

Recent years have seen a number of proposals for performing Natural Language Generation (NLG) based in large part on statistical techniques. Despite having many attractive features, we argue that these existing approaches nonetheless have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Xiao Li , Kees van Deemter , Chenghua Lin

Providing pretrained language models with simple task descriptions in natural language enables them to solve some tasks in a fully unsupervised fashion. Moreover, when combined with regular learning from examples, this idea yields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Timo Schick , Hinrich Schütze

Large language models (LLMs) effectively generate fluent text when the target output follows natural language patterns. However, structured prediction tasks confine the output format to a limited ontology, causing even very large models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Derek Chen , Celine Lee , Yunan Lu , Domenic Rosati , Zhou Yu

Recent trends in natural language processing using pretraining have shifted focus towards pretraining and fine-tuning approaches for text generation. Often the focus has been on task-agnostic approaches that generalize the language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Shashi Narayan , Gonçalo Simoes , Ji Ma , Hannah Craighead , Ryan Mcdonald

Clustering is a fundamental tool that has garnered significant interest across a wide range of applications including text analysis. To improve clustering accuracy, many researchers have incorporated background knowledge, typically in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Chaoqi Jia , Weihong Wu , Longkun Guo , Zhigang Lu , Chao Chen , Kok-Leong Ong