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The light-cone (LC) effect causes the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal $T_{\rm b} (\hat{\bf{n}}, \nu)$ to evolve significantly along the line of sight (LoS) direction $\nu$. In the first part of this paper, we present a method to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-12 Rajesh Mondal , Somnath Bharadwaj , Kanan K. Datta

Observations of redshifted 21-cm radiation from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of reionization (EoR) are considered to constitute the most promising tool to probe that epoch. One of the major goals of the first generation of low…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Kanan K. Datta , Garrelt Mellema , Yi Mao , Ilian T. Iliev , Paul R. Shapiro , Kyungjin Ahn

Detecting redshifted 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from…

The light-cone (LC) effect imprints the cosmological evolution of the redshifted 21-cm signal $T_{\rm b} ({\hat{\bf{n}}}, \nu)$ along the frequency axis which is the line of sight (LoS) direction of an observer. The effect is particularly…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-27 Rajesh Mondal , Somnath Bharadwaj , Ilian T. Iliev , Kanan K. Datta , Suman Majumdar , Abinash K. Shaw , Anjan K. Sarkar

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

Accurate simulations of the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization require the generation of maps at specific frequencies given the values of astrophysical and cosmological parameters. The peculiar velocities of the hydrogen atoms…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 Emma Chapman , Mario G. Santos

We explore the impact of incorporating physically motivated ionisation and recombination rates on the history and topology of cosmic reionisation, by incorporating inputs from small-volume hydrodynamic simulations into a semi-numerical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-08 Sultan Hassan , Romeel Davé , Kristian Finlator , Mario G. Santos

We present predictions for the 21 cm brightness temperature power spectrum during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We discuss the implications of the "light cone" effect, which incorporates evolution of the neutral hydrogen fraction and 21…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-04 Paul La Plante , Nicholas Battaglia , Aravind Natarajan , Jeffrey B. Peterson , Hy Trac , Renyue Cen , Abraham Loeb

During the epoch of reionization (EoR), the 21-cm signal allows direct observation of the neutral hydrogen (HI) in the intergalactic medium (IGM). In the post-reionization era, this signal instead probes HI in galaxies, which traces the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Sambit K. Giri , Michele Bianco , Timothée Schaeffer , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Aurel Schneider

Measurements of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal hold the potential to constrain models of reionization. In this paper we consider a reionization model with three astrophysical parameters namely (1) the minimum halo mass which…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-18 Abinash Kumar Shaw , Somnath Bharadwaj , Rajesh Mondal

The 21 cm signal arising from fluctuations in the neutral hydrogen field, and its cross-correlation with other tracers of cosmic density, are promising probes of the high-redshift Universe. In this study, we assess the potential of the 21…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Barun Maity

The epoch of reionization (EoR), marking the Universe's transition from a neutral to ionized state, represents a pivotal phase for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies. Intensity mapping of atomic and molecular lines,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 Anirban Roy , Anthony Pullen , Patrick C. Breysse , Rachel S. Somerville

Neutral hydrogen (HI) serves as a crucial probe for the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Actual observations of the 21-cm signal often encounter challenges such as thermal noise and various systematic effects. To overcome…

Interpreting 21cm measurements from current and upcoming experiments like HERA and the SKA will provide new scientific insights and exciting implications for astrophysics and cosmology regarding the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Several…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-03 Yihao Zhou , Paul La Plante

We propose a deep learning analyzing technique with convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the evolutionary track of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) from the 21-cm differential brightness temperature tomography images. We use…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Yungi Kwon , Sungwook E. Hong , Inkyu Park

The Largest Cluster Statistics\,(LCS) analysis of the redshifted 21\,cm maps has been demonstrated to be an efficient and robust method for following the time evolution of the largest ionized regions\,(LIRs) during the Epoch of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Samit Kumar Pal , Saswata Dasgupta , Abhirup Datta , Suman Majumdar , Satadru Bag , Prakash Sarkar

We investigate systematic effects in direction dependent gain calibration in the context of the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) 21-cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) experiment. The LOFAR EoR Key Science Project aims to detect the 21-cm signal of…

The rapid evolution of the cosmological neutral hydrogen (HI) distribution during the EoR is imprinted along the line of sight (LoS) in the redshifted 21-cm signal due to the light cone (LC) effect. The LC EoR 21-cm signal ceases to be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-06 Suman Pramanick , Somnath Bharadwaj , Khandakar Md Asif Elahi , Rajesh Mondal

Precise subtraction of foreground sources is crucial for detecting and estimating 21cm HI signals from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We quantify how imperfect point source subtraction due to limitations of the measurement dataset yields…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Cathryn M. Trott , Randall B. Wayth , Steven J. Tingay

The bispectrum can quantify the non-Gussianity present in the redshifted 21-cm signal produced by the neutral hydrogen (HI) during the epoch of reionization (EoR). Motivated by this, we perform a comprehensive study of the EoR 21-cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-21 Suman Majumdar , Mohd Kamran , Jonathan R. Pritchard , Rajesh Mondal , Arindam Mazumdar , Somnath Bharadwaj , Garrelt Mellema
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