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We propose a novel framework, Continuous_Time Attention, which infuses partial differential equations (PDEs) into the Transformer's attention mechanism to address the challenges of extremely long input sequences. Instead of relying solely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yukun Zhang , Xueqing Zhou

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) combine deep learning with physical constraints for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), and are widely applied in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics. However, PINN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xujia Chen , Xinyue Hu , Letian Chen , Daming Shi , Wenhui Fan

The Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) paradigm has gained significant attention in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) and is the foundation of many recent algorithms. However, decentralized policies operate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhuofan Xu , Benedikt Bollig , Matthias Függer , Thomas Nowak , Vincent Le Dréau

Partial Differential Equations (PDE) are fundamental to model different phenomena in science and engineering mathematically. Solving them is a crucial step towards a precise knowledge of the behaviour of natural and engineered systems. In…

Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) are the mathematical tool of choice for modelling spatiotemporal PDE-dynamics under the influence of randomness. Based on the notion of mild solution of an SPDE, we introduce a novel neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Cristopher Salvi , Maud Lemercier , Andris Gerasimovics

Deep surrogate models for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs) can deliver high-fidelity approximations but remain prohibitively data-hungry: training often requires thousands of fine-grid simulations, each incurring substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yang Meng , Ruoxi Jiang , Zhuokai Zhao , Chong Liu , Rebecca Willett , Yuxin Chen

Neural networks inspired by differential equations have proliferated for the past several years. Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) and neural controlled differential equations (NCDEs) are two representative examples of them. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Sheo Yon Jhin , Heejoo Shin , Seoyoung Hong , Solhee Park , Noseong Park

We present a deep learning emulator for stochastic and chaotic spatio-temporal systems, explicitly conditioned on the parameter values of the underlying partial differential equations (PDEs). Our approach involves pre-training the model on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Ira J. S. Shokar , Rich R. Kerswell , Peter H. Haynes

Recent research has used deep learning to develop partial differential equation (PDE) models in science and engineering. The functional form of the PDE is determined by a neural network, and the neural network parameters are calibrated to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Justin Sirignano , Jonathan MacArt , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

The term `surrogate modeling' in computational science and engineering refers to the development of computationally efficient approximations for expensive simulations, such as those arising from numerical solution of partial differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-12 Maarten V. de Hoop , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Elizabeth Qian , Andrew M. Stuart

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have gained popularity in solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) via integrating physical laws into the training of neural networks, making them superior in many scientific and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Milad Ramezankhani , Abbas S. Milani

Physics-informed machine learning (PIML) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional numerical methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). PIML models are increasingly built via deep neural networks (NNs) whose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Carlos Mora , Amin Yousefpour , Shirin Hosseinmardi , Ramin Bostanabad

Numerical approximations of partial differential equations (PDEs) are routinely employed to formulate the solution of physics, engineering, and mathematical problems involving functions of several variables, such as the propagation of heat…

Learning underlying dynamics from data is important and challenging in many real-world scenarios. Incorporating differential equations (DEs) to design continuous networks has drawn much attention recently, however, most prior works make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yesom Park , Jaemoo Choi , Changyeon Yoon , Chang hoon Song , Myungjoo Kang

We present Neural Spectral Methods, a technique to solve parametric Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), grounded in classical spectral methods. Our method uses orthogonal bases to learn PDE solutions as mappings between spectral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yiheng Du , Nithin Chalapathi , Aditi Krishnapriyan

Traditional data-driven deep learning models often struggle with high training costs, error accumulation, and poor generalizability in complex physical processes. Physics-informed deep learning (PiDL) addresses these challenges by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xin-Yang Liu , Min Zhu , Lu Lu , Hao Sun , Jian-Xun Wang

Species transport models typically combine partial differential equations (PDEs) with relations from hindered transport theory to quantify electromigrative, convective, and diffusive transport through complex nanoporous systems; however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Danyal Rehman , John H. Lienhard

Partial differential equations (PDEs) underpin the modeling of many natural and engineered systems. It can be convenient to express such models as neural PDEs rather than using traditional numerical PDE solvers by replacing part or all of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sanket Jantre , Deepak Akhare , Zhiyuan Wang , Xiaoning Qian , Nathan M. Urban

Neural PDE surrogates are often deployed in data-limited or partially observed regimes where downstream decisions depend on calibrated uncertainty in addition to low prediction error. Existing approaches obtain uncertainty through ensemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Carlos Stein Brito

Machine learning (ML) models have emerged as a promising approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in science and engineering. Previous ML models typically cannot generalize outside the training data; for example, a trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Zongyi Li , Samuel Lanthaler , Catherine Deng , Michael Chen , Yixuan Wang , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar