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Deep learning methods exhibit outstanding performance in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image interpretation tasks. However, these are black box models that limit the comprehension of their predictions. Therefore, to meet this challenge, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Shenghan Su , Ziteng Cui , Weiwei Guo , Zenghui Zhang , Wenxian Yu

After constructing a deep neural network for urban sound classification, this work focuses on the sensitive application of assisting drivers suffering from hearing loss. As such, clear etiology justifying and interpreting model predictions…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Marco Colussi , Stavros Ntalampiras

In computer vision, explainable AI (xAI) methods seek to mitigate the 'black-box' problem by making the decision-making process of deep learning models more interpretable and transparent. Traditional xAI methods concentrate on visualizing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Hyeonggeun Yun

The rationale behind a deep learning model's output is often difficult to understand by humans. EXplainable AI (XAI) aims at solving this by developing methods that improve interpretability and explainability of machine learning models.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Rafaël Brandt , Daan Raatjens , Georgi Gaydadjiev

A key issue in critical contexts such as medical diagnosis is the interpretability of the deep learning models adopted in decision-making systems. Research in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is trying to solve this issue. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Carlo Metta , Andrea Beretta , Riccardo Guidotti , Yuan Yin , Patrick Gallinari , Salvatore Rinzivillo , Fosca Giannotti

Research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasing, aiming to make deep learning models more transparent. Most XAI methods focus on justifying the decisions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in security-relevant…

Deep learning play a vital role in classifying different arrhythmias using the electrocardiography (ECG) data. Nevertheless, training deep learning models normally requires a large amount of data and it can lead to privacy concerns.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Ali Raza , Kim Phuc Tran , Ludovic Koehl , Shujun Li

The use of deep learning in computer vision tasks such as image classification has led to a rapid increase in the performance of such systems. Due to this substantial increment in the utility of these systems, the use of artificial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Vinay Jogani , Joy Purohit , Ishaan Shivhare , Seema C Shrawne

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are frequently and successfully used in medical prediction tasks. They are often used in combination with transfer learning, leading to improved performance when training data for the task are scarce.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Marta Oliveira , Rick Wilming , Benedict Clark , Céline Budding , Fabian Eitel , Kerstin Ritter , Stefan Haufe

Automatic audio event recognition plays a pivotal role in making human robot interaction more closer and has a wide applicability in industrial automation, control and surveillance systems. Audio event is composed of intricate phonic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-12 Tushar Sandhan , Sukanya Sonowal , Jin Young Choi

EXplainable AI (XAI) methods have been proposed to interpret how a deep neural network predicts inputs through model saliency explanations that highlight the parts of the inputs deemed important to arrive a decision at a specific target.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Yi-Shan Lin , Wen-Chuan Lee , Z. Berkay Celik

AI-native architectures are vital for 6G wireless communications. The black-box nature and high complexity of deep learning models employed in critical applications, such as channel estimation, limit their practical deployment. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi

Analyzing vibration data using deep neural network algorithms is an effective way to detect damages in rotating machinery at an early stage. However, the black-box approach of these methods often does not provide a satisfactory solution…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-25 Oliver Mey , Deniz Neufeld

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research topic of machine learning aimed at unboxing how AI systems' black-box choices are made. This research field inspects the measures and models involved in decision-making and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Guang Yang , Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia

Explainable AI (XAI) for Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is critical for building transparent, trustworthy models. Current saliency-based methods, adapted from vision, highlight spectrogram regions but fail to show whether these regions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Seham Nasr , Zhao Ren , David Johnson

Research into 6G networks has been initiated to support a variety of critical artificial intelligence (AI) assisted applications such as autonomous driving. In such applications, AI-based decisions should be performed in a real-time manner.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

There has been a significant surge of interest recently around the concept of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), where the goal is to produce an interpretation for a decision made by a machine learning algorithm. Of particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Zhong Qiu Lin , Mohammad Javad Shafiee , Stanislav Bochkarev , Michael St. Jules , Xiao Yu Wang , Alexander Wong

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are increasingly important for the validation and responsible use of modern deep learning models, but are difficult to evaluate due to the lack of good ground-truth to compare against. We propose a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Amritpal Singh , Andrey Barsky , Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Ernest Valveny , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Deep learning is becoming increasingly adopted in business and industry due to its ability to transform large quantities of data into high-performing models. These models, however, are generally regarded as black boxes, which, in spite of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Stefan Druc , Peter Wooldridge , Adarsh Krishnamurthy , Soumik Sarkar , Aditya Balu

Neural networks can be trained to learn task-relevant representations from data. Understanding how these networks make decisions falls within the Explainable AI (XAI) domain. This paper proposes to study an XAI topic: uncovering the unknown…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Yanze Xu , Wenwu Wang , Mark D. Plumbley