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Knowledge-based visual question answering (VQA) is a vision-language task that requires an agent to correctly answer image-related questions using knowledge that is not presented in the given image. It is not only a more challenging task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Mingxiao Li , Marie-Francine Moens

Visual question answering on document images that contain textual, visual, and layout information, called document VQA, has received much attention recently. Although many datasets have been proposed for developing document VQA systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Ryota Tanaka , Kyosuke Nishida , Kosuke Nishida , Taku Hasegawa , Itsumi Saito , Kuniko Saito

Knowledge-intensive multi-hop question answering (QA) tasks, which require integrating evidence from multiple sources to address complex queries, often necessitate multiple rounds of retrieval and iterative generation by large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Binquan Ji , Haibo Luo , Yifei Lu , Lei Hei , Jiaqi Wang , Tingjing Liao , Lingyu Wang , Shichao Wang , Feiliang Ren

It is well known that most of the conventional video question answering (VideoQA) datasets consist of easy questions requiring simple reasoning processes. However, long videos inevitably contain complex and compositional semantic structures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Jihyeon Lee , Wooyoung Kang , Eun-Sol Kim

Pre-trained language-vision models have shown remarkable performance on the visual question answering (VQA) task. However, most pre-trained models are trained by only considering monolingual learning, especially the resource-rich language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Humair Raj Khan , Deepak Gupta , Asif Ekbal

Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KVQA) requires models to ground entities in images and reason over factual knowledge. Recent work has introduced its implicit-knowledge variant, IK-KVQA, where a multimodal large language model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhihao Wen , Wenkang Wei , Yuan Fang , Xingtong Yu , Hui Zhang , Weicheng Zhu , Xin Zhang

Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA) necessitates external knowledge incorporation beyond cross-modal understanding. Existing KBVQA methods either utilize implicit knowledge in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yu Zhao , Ying Zhang , Xuhui Sui , Baohang Zhou , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

Visual question answering (VQA) in medical imaging aims to support clinical diagnosis by automatically interpreting complex imaging data in response to natural language queries. Existing studies typically rely on distinct visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yuanhe Tian , Chen Su , Junwen Duan , Yan Song

Medical Visual Question Answering (Med-VQA) answers clinical questions using medical images, aiding diagnosis. Designing the MedVQA system holds profound importance in assisting clinical diagnosis and enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Junkai Zhang , Bin Li , Shoujun Zhou , Yue Du

Dense retrieval techniques employ pre-trained large language models to build a high-dimensional representation of queries and passages. These representations compute the relevance of a passage w.r.t. to a query using efficient similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini

We propose the inverse problem of Visual question answering (iVQA), and explore its suitability as a benchmark for visuo-linguistic understanding. The iVQA task is to generate a question that corresponds to a given image and answer pair.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Feng Liu , Tao Xiang , Timothy M. Hospedales , Wankou Yang , Changyin Sun

Large pre-trained multimodal models have demonstrated significant success in a range of downstream tasks, including image captioning, image-text retrieval, visual question answering (VQA), etc. However, many of these methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Zikang Liu , Sihan Chen , Longteng Guo , Handong Li , Xingjian He , Jing Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced VQA and now support Vision-DeepResearch systems that use search engines for complex visual-textual fact-finding. However, evaluating these visual and textual search abilities is still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yu Zeng , Wenxuan Huang , Zhen Fang , Shuang Chen , Yufan Shen , Yishuo Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Shiting Huang , Yiming Zhao , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Shaosheng Cao

Dense retrieval calls for discriminative embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Shitao Xiao , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian

Albeit progress has been made in Composed Image Retrieval (CIR), we empirically find that a certain percentage of failure retrieval results are not consistent with their relative captions. To address this issue, this work provides a Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Chun-Mei Feng , Yang Bai , Tao Luo , Zhen Li , Salman Khan , Wangmeng Zuo , Xinxing Xu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Yong Liu

Most organizational data in this world are stored as documents, and visual retrieval plays a crucial role in unlocking the collective intelligence from all these documents. However, existing benchmarks focus on English-only document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jian Chen , Ming Li , Jihyung Kil , Chenguang Wang , Tong Yu , Ryan Rossi , Tianyi Zhou , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

The retriever-reader framework is popular for open-domain question answering (ODQA) due to its ability to use explicit knowledge. Although prior work has sought to increase the knowledge coverage by incorporating structured knowledge beyond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Kaixin Ma , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Eric Nyberg , Jianfeng Gao

While sophisticated Visual Question Answering models have achieved remarkable success, they tend to answer questions only according to superficial correlations between question and answer. Several recent approaches have been developed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Qingyi Si , Zheng Lin , Mingyu Zheng , Peng Fu , Weiping Wang

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) is a task that retrieves images similar to a query, based on a provided textual modification. Current techniques rely on supervised learning for CIR models using labeled triplets of the reference image, text,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Young Kyun Jang , Donghyun Kim , Zihang Meng , Dat Huynh , Ser-Nam Lim

Deep Equilibrium Models (DEQs) are an established framework for image restoration that learn a problem-adapted regularization by solving a fixed-point (i.e. equilibrium) problem. While flexible and expressive, DEQs are often hindered by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Antonin Clerc , Marien Renaud , Baudouin Denis De Seneville , Nicolas Papadakis