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This study investigates leveraging stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to learn operators between general Hilbert spaces. We propose weak and strong regularity conditions for the target operator to depict its intrinsic structure and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-13 Lei Shi , Jia-Qi Yang

Modeling dynamical systems with ordinary differential equations implies a mechanistic view of the process underlying the dynamics. However in many cases, this knowledge is not available. To overcome this issue, we introduce a general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-20 Markus Heinonen , Florence d'Alché-Buc

Classical neural networks are known for their ability to approximate mappings between finite-dimensional spaces, but they fall short in capturing complex operator dynamics across infinite-dimensional function spaces. Neural operators, in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Bo Zhang

Hyperparameters searches are computationally expensive. This paper studies some general choices of hyperparameters and training methods specifically for operator learning. It considers the architectures DeepONets, Fourier neural operators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Dustin Enyeart , Guang Lin

Nonlocal operators with integral kernels have become a popular tool for designing solution maps between function spaces, due to their efficiency in representing long-range dependence and the attractive feature of being resolution-invariant.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-24 Fei Lu , Qingci An , Yue Yu

A plentitude of applications in scientific computing requires the approximation of mappings between Banach spaces. Recently introduced Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) and Deep Operator Network (DeepONet) can provide this functionality. For…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-02 V. Fanaskov , I. Oseledets

Motivated by the surge of interest in Koopman operator theory, we propose a machine-learning alternative based on a functional Bayesian perspective for operator-theoretic modeling of unknown, data-driven, nonlinear dynamical systems. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Kan Li , José C. Príncipe

Recent advances in operator learning theory have improved our knowledge about learning maps between infinite dimensional spaces. However, for large-scale engineering problems such as concurrent multiscale simulation for mechanical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Owen Huang , Sourav Saha , Jiachen Guo , Wing Kam Liu

Neural Operators that directly learn mappings between function spaces, such as Deep Operator Networks (DONs) and Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs), have received considerable attention. Despite the universal approximation guarantees for DONs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Pedro Cisneros-Velarde , Bhavesh Shrimali , Arindam Banerjee

While it is widely known that neural networks are universal approximators of continuous functions, a less known and perhaps more powerful result is that a neural network with a single hidden layer can approximate accurately any nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Pengzhan Jin , George Em Karniadakis

We develop a rigorous framework for extending neural operators to handle out-of-distribution input functions. We leverage kernel approximation techniques and provide theory for characterizing the input-output function spaces in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Blaine Quackenbush , Paul J. Atzberger

Several non-linear operators in stochastic analysis, such as solution maps to stochastic differential equations, depend on a temporal structure which is not leveraged by contemporary neural operators designed to approximate general maps…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Luca Galimberti , Anastasis Kratsios , Giulia Livieri

Deep kernel learning provides an elegant and principled framework for combining the structural properties of deep learning algorithms with the flexibility of kernel methods. By means of a deep neural network, we learn a parametrized kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Prudencio Tossou , Basile Dura , Francois Laviolette , Mario Marchand , Alexandre Lacoste

Singularly perturbed problems present inherent difficulty due to the presence of a thin boundary layer in its solution. To overcome this difficulty, we propose using deep operator networks (DeepONets), a method previously shown to be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-30 Ting Du , Zhongyi Huang , Ye Li

This paper presents novel generalization bounds for vector-valued neural networks and deep kernel methods, focusing on multi-task learning through an operator-theoretic framework. Our key development lies in strategically combining a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mahdi Mohammadigohari , Giuseppe Di Fatta , Giuseppe Nicosia , Panos M. Pardalos

Kernel methods approximate nonlinear maps in a data-driven manner by projecting the target map onto a finite-dimensional Hilbert space called the solution space. Traditionally, this space is a subspace of a fixed ambient reproducing kernel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Tamás Dózsa , Andrea Angino , Zoltán Szabó , József Bokor , Matthias Voigt

We consider a class of statistical inverse problems involving the estimation of a regression operator from a Polish space to a separable Hilbert space, where the target lies in a vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert space induced by an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-28 Jia-Qi Yang , Lei Shi

Given a reproducing kernel Hilbert space H of real-valued functions and a suitable measure mu over the source space D (subset of R), we decompose H as the sum of a subspace of centered functions for mu and its orthogonal in H. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-12-10 Nicolas Durrande , David Ginsbourger , Olivier Roustant , Laurent Carraro

Reproducing Kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) have been a very successful tool in various areas of machine learning. Recently, Barron spaces have been used to prove bounds on the generalisation error for neural networks. Unfortunately, Barron…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Len Spek , Tjeerd Jan Heeringa , Felix Schwenninger , Christoph Brune

We consider the problem of learning a vector-valued function f in an online learning setting. The function f is assumed to lie in a reproducing Hilbert space of operator-valued kernels. We describe two online algorithms for learning f while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-06 Julien Audiffren , Hachem Kadri