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Generative diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of models in machine learning, yet a unified theoretical understanding of their operation is still developing. This paper provides an integrated perspective on generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-27 Dejan Stancevic , Luca Ambrogioni

Score-based generative models (SGMs) are a powerful class of generative models that exhibit remarkable empirical performance. Score-based generative modelling (SGM) consists of a ``noising'' stage, whereby a diffusion is used to gradually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Valentin De Bortoli , Emile Mathieu , Michael Hutchinson , James Thornton , Yee Whye Teh , Arnaud Doucet

Flow matching has recently emerged as a promising alternative to diffusion-based generative models, particularly for text-to-image generation. Despite its flexibility in allowing arbitrary source distributions, most existing approaches rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Junwan Kim , Jiho Park , Seonghu Jeon , Seungryong Kim

Score-based models generate samples by mapping noise to data (and vice versa) via a high-dimensional diffusion process. We question whether it is necessary to run this entire process at high dimensionality and incur all the inconveniences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Bowen Jing , Gabriele Corso , Renato Berlinghieri , Tommi Jaakkola

Visual-motor policy learning has advanced with architectures like diffusion-based policies, known for modeling complex robotic trajectories. However, their prolonged inference times hinder high-frequency control tasks requiring real-time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Bofang Jia , Pengxiang Ding , Can Cui , Mingyang Sun , Pengfang Qian , Siteng Huang , Zhaoxin Fan , Donglin Wang

Machine learning models are increasingly trained or fine-tuned on synthetic data. Recursively training on such data has been observed to significantly degrade performance in a wide range of tasks, often characterized by a progressive drift…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Nail B. Khelifa , Richard E. Turner , Ramji Venkataramanan

Score-based generative models have emerged as a powerful approach for sampling high-dimensional probability distributions. Despite their effectiveness, their theoretical underpinnings remain relatively underdeveloped. In this work, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Zhengjiang Lin

Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) is a widely used paradigm for accelerating inference in few-step video diffusion models. However, DMD-style video distillation faces two coupled challenges: the fake score must track a continuously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhuguanyu Wu , Ruihao Gong , Yang Yong , Yushi Huang , Xiangyu Fan , Lei Yang , Dahua Lin , Xianglong Liu

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as one of the most promising frameworks for deep generative modelling. In this work we conduct a systematic comparison and theoretical analysis of different approaches to learning conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Georgios Batzolis , Jan Stanczuk , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Christian Etmann

Score-based generative modelling (SGM) has proven to be a very effective method for modelling densities on finite-dimensional spaces. In this work we propose to extend this methodology to learn generative models over functional spaces. To…

Distilling pre-trained 2D diffusion models into 3D assets has driven remarkable advances in text-to-3D synthesis. However, existing methods typically rely on Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) loss, which involves asymmetric KL divergence--a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Weimin Bai , Yubo Li , Wenzheng Chen , Weijian Luo , He Sun

Reversing a diffusion process by learning its score forms the heart of diffusion-based generative modeling and for estimating properties of scientific systems. The diffusion processes that are tractable center on linear processes with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Score-based generative modeling (SGM) is a highly successful approach for learning a probability distribution from data and generating further samples. We prove the first polynomial convergence guarantees for the core mechanic behind SGM:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Holden Lee , Jianfeng Lu , Yixin Tan

Conditional medical image generation plays an important role in many clinically relevant imaging tasks. However, existing methods still face a fundamental challenge in balancing inference efficiency, patient-specific fidelity, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zirong Li , Siyuan Mei , Weiwen Wu , Andreas Maier , Lina Gölz , Yan Xia

The Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) has been successfully applied to text-to-image diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion (SD) 1.5. However, vanilla DMD suffers from convergence difficulties on large-scale flow-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xingtong Ge , Xin Zhang , Tongda Xu , Yi Zhang , Xinjie Zhang , Yan Wang , Jun Zhang

Implicit generative models have the capability to learn arbitrary complex data distributions. On the downside, training requires telling apart real data from artificially-generated ones using adversarial discriminators, leading to unstable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 José Manuel de Frutos , Pablo M. Olmos , Manuel A. Vázquez , Joaquín Míguez

Policy targets evolve faster than the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project cycles, complicating adaptation and mitigation planning that must often contend with outdated projections. Climate model output emulators address this gap by…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Shahine Bouabid , Andre Nogueira Souza , Raffaele Ferrari

We introduce Midpoint Generative Models (MGM), a principled framework for training one-step generative models. MGM is based on a simple symmetry of Flow Matching with linear interpolation: when the two endpoint distributions coincide, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daniil Shlenskii , Nikita Gushchin , Lev Novitskiy , Dmitry V. Dylov , Alexander Korotin

Score-based generative models (SGMs) are generative models that are in the spotlight these days. Time-series frequently occurs in our daily life, e.g., stock data, climate data, and so on. Especially, time-series forecasting and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Haksoo Lim , Minjung Kim , Sewon Park , Noseong Park

This paper proposes a novel method, Explicit Flow Matching (ExFM), for training and analyzing flow-based generative models. ExFM leverages a theoretically grounded loss function, ExFM loss (a tractable form of Flow Matching (FM) loss), to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Gleb Ryzhakov , Svetlana Pavlova , Egor Sevriugov , Ivan Oseledets