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Agents in partially observable environments require persistent memory to integrate observations over time. While KGs (knowledge graphs) provide a natural representation for such evolving state, existing benchmarks rarely expose agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Taewoon Kim , Vincent François-Lavet , Michael Cochez

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning is a crucial task that has gained increasing research interest in recent years. Most existing methods focus on reasoning at past timestamps to complete the missing facts, and there are only a few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Haohai Sun , Jialun Zhong , Yunpu Ma , Zhen Han , Kun He

Temporal graph learning is pivotal for deciphering dynamic systems, where the core challenge lies in explicitly modeling the underlying evolving patterns that govern network transformation. However, prevailing methods are predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yijun Ma , Zehong Wang , Weixiang Sun , Yanfang Ye

In this paper, we investigate a realistic but underexplored problem, called few-shot temporal knowledge graph reasoning, that aims to predict future facts for newly emerging entities based on extremely limited observations in evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ruijie Wang , Zheng Li , Dachun Sun , Shengzhong Liu , Jinning Li , Bing Yin , Tarek Abdelzaher

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict future events from historical facts. A key challenge lies in jointly capturing two sources of predictive information in TKGs: historical evidence and evolutionary dynamics. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Shuai-long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently become increasingly popular due to their ability to learn complex systems of relations or interactions arising in a broad spectrum of problems ranging from biology and particle physics to social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Emanuele Rossi , Ben Chamberlain , Fabrizio Frasca , Davide Eynard , Federico Monti , Michael Bronstein

Forecasting future events is a fundamental challenge for temporal knowledge graphs (tKG). As in real life predicting a mean function is most of the time not sufficient, but the question remains how confident can we be about our prediction?…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Soeren Nolting , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) incorporate temporal information to reflect the dynamic structural knowledge and evolutionary patterns of real-world facts. Nevertheless, TKGs are still limited in downstream applications due to the problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Jinchuan Zhang , Tianqi Wan , Chong Mu , Guangxi Lu , Ling Tian

Compared with static knowledge graphs, temporal knowledge graphs (tKG), which can capture the evolution and change of information over time, are more realistic and general. However, due to the complexity that the notion of time introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Siheng Xiong , Yuan Yang , Faramarz Fekri , James Clayton Kerce

Knowledge graphs (KGs) typically contain temporal facts indicating relationships among entities at different times. Due to their incompleteness, several approaches have been proposed to infer new facts for a KG based on the existing ones-a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Rishab Goel , Seyed Mehran Kazemi , Marcus Brubaker , Pascal Poupart

In today's rapidly expanding data landscape, knowledge extraction from unstructured text is vital for real-time analytics, temporal inference, and dynamic memory frameworks. However, traditional static knowledge graph (KG) construction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yassir Lairgi , Ludovic Moncla , Khalid Benabdeslem , Rémy Cazabet , Pierre Cléau

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) have shown promise for reasoning tasks by incorporating a temporal dimension to represent how facts evolve over time. However, existing TKG reasoning (TKGR) models lack explainability due to their black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chenhan Yuan , Hoda Eldardiry

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG), which characterizes temporally evolving facts in the form of (subject, relation, object, timestamp), has attracted much attention recently. TKG reasoning aims to predict future facts based on given historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zhongni Hou , Xiaolong Jin , Zixuan Li , Long Bai , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) forecasting aims to predict future facts based on given histories. Most recent graph-based models excel at capturing structural information within TKGs but lack semantic comprehension abilities. Nowadays, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yuwei Xia , Ding Wang , Qiang Liu , Liang Wang , Shu Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang

Temporal Graph Learning, which aims to model the time-evolving nature of graphs, has gained increasing attention and achieved remarkable performance recently. However, in reality, graph structures are often incomplete and noisy, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Haozhen Zhang , Xueting Han , Xi Xiao , Jing Bai

The recent deep generative models for static graphs that are now being actively developed have achieved significant success in areas such as molecule design. However, many real-world problems involve temporal graphs whose topology and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Liming Zhang , Liang Zhao , Shan Qin , Dieter Pfoser

Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) aims to answer time-sensitive questions by leveraging temporal knowledge bases. While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential in TKGQA, current prompting strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zihao Jiang , Miao Peng , Zhenyan Shan , Wenjie Xu , Ben Liu , Gong Chen , Ziqi Gao , Min Peng

Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (TKGF) aims to predict future events based on the observed events in history. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities, generating significant research interest in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 He Chang , Jie Wu , Zhulin Tao , Yunshan Ma , Xianglin Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning often involves completing missing factual elements along the timeline. Although existing methods can learn good embeddings for each factual element in quadruples by integrating temporal information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zhiyu Fang , Shuai-Long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Chun Yang , Shi-Xue Zhang , Xu-Cheng Yin , Jingyan Qin

Distinguished from traditional knowledge graphs (KGs), temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) must explore and reason over temporally evolving facts adequately. However, existing TKG approaches still face two main challenges, i.e., the limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zhiyu Fang , Jingyan Qin , Xiaobin Zhu , Chun Yang , Xu-Cheng Yin