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In news recommendation systems, reducing popularity bias is essential for delivering accurate and diverse recommendations. This paper presents POPK, a new method that uses temporal-counterfactual analysis to mitigate the influence of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Igor L. R. Azevedo , Toyotaro Suzumura , Yuichiro Yasui

Counterfactual reasoning is an important paradigm applicable in many fields, such as healthcare, economics, and education. In this work, we propose a novel method to address the issue of \textit{selection bias}. We learn two groups of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Zichen Zhang , Qingfeng Lan , Lei Ding , Yue Wang , Negar Hassanpour , Russell Greiner

Counterfactual reasoning -- the practice of asking ``what if'' by varying inputs and observing changes in model behavior -- has become central to interpretable and fair AI. This thesis develops frameworks that use counterfactuals to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Pushkar Shukla

Counterfactual explanations elucidate algorithmic decisions by pointing to scenarios that would have led to an alternative, desired outcome. Giving insight into the model's behavior, they hint users towards possible actions and give grounds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-05 Susanne Dandl , Kristin Blesch , Timo Freiesleben , Gunnar König , Jan Kapar , Bernd Bischl , Marvin Wright

A common approach for testing fairness issues in text-based classifiers is through the use of counterfactuals: does the classifier output change if a sensitive attribute in the input is changed? Existing counterfactual generation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zee Fryer , Vera Axelrod , Ben Packer , Alex Beutel , Jilin Chen , Kellie Webster

Counterfactual explanations represent the minimal change to a data sample that alters its predicted classification, typically from an unfavorable initial class to a desired target class. Counterfactuals help answer questions such as "what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Brian Barr , Matthew R. Harrington , Samuel Sharpe , C. Bayan Bruss

Textual explanations make image classifier decisions transparent by describing the prediction rationale in natural language. Large vision-language models can generate captions but are designed for general visual understanding, not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Toshinori Yamauchi , Hiroshi Kera , Kazuhiko Kawamoto

Existing textual adversarial attacks usually utilize the gradient or prediction confidence to generate adversarial examples, making it hard to be deployed in real-world applications. To this end, we consider a rarely investigated but more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhen Yu , Xiaosen Wang , Wanxiang Che , Kun He

Counterfactual explanations have been successfully applied to create human interpretable explanations for various black-box models. They are handy for tasks in the image domain, where the quality of the explanations benefits from recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Trung Duc Ha , Sidney Bender

Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) are an important tool in Algorithmic Recourse for addressing two questions: 1. What are the crucial factors that led to an automated prediction/decision? 2. How can these factors be changed to achieve a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Xuan Zhao , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci

Topic modelling is a pivotal unsupervised machine learning technique for extracting valuable insights from large document collections. Existing neural topic modelling methods often encode contextual information of documents, while ignoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yanan Ma , Chenghao Xiao , Chenhan Yuan , Sabine N van der Veer , Lamiece Hassan , Chenghua Lin , Goran Nenadic

Counterfactual explanations are viewed as an effective way to explain machine learning predictions. This interest is reflected by a relatively young literature with already dozens of algorithms aiming to generate such explanations. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Raphael Mazzine , David Martens

A key subtask in lexical substitution is ranking the given candidate words. A common approach is to replace the target word with a candidate in the original sentence and feed the modified sentence into a model to capture semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhongyang Hu , Naijie Gu , Xiangzhi Tao , Tianhui Gu , Yibing Zhou

Counterfactual explanations enhance the interpretability of deep learning models in medical imaging, yet adapting them to 3D CT scans poses challenges due to volumetric complexity and resource demands. We extend the Latent Shift…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Joseph Paul Cohen , Louis Blankemeier , Akshay Chaudhari

Counterfactual estimation over time is important in various applications, such as personalized medicine. However, time-dependent confounding bias in observational data still poses a significant challenge in achieving accurate and efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Nghia D. Nguyen , Pablo Robles-Granda , Lav R. Varshney

The topic modeling discovers the latent topic probability of the given text documents. To generate the more meaningful topic that better represents the given document, we proposed a new feature extraction technique which can be used in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Ziyi Zhao , Krittaphat Pugdeethosapol , Sheng Lin , Zhe Li , Caiwen Ding , Yanzhi Wang , Qinru Qiu

Extracting topics from text has become an essential task, especially with the rapid growth of unstructured textual data. Most existing works rely on highly computational methods to address this challenge. In this paper, we argue that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Salma Mekaoui , Hiba Sofyan , Imane Amaaz , Imane Benchrif , Arsalane Zarghili , Ilham Chaker , Nikola S. Nikolov

The performance of text classification methods has improved greatly over the last decade for text instances of less than 512 tokens. This limit has been adopted by most state-of-the-research transformer models due to the high computational…

Automated fact checking systems have been proposed that quickly provide veracity prediction at scale to mitigate the negative influence of fake news on people and on public opinion. However, most studies focus on veracity classifiers of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Shih-Chieh Dai , Yi-Li Hsu , Aiping Xiong , Lun-Wei Ku

Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) help address the question: How can the factors that influence the prediction of a predictive model be changed to achieve a more favorable outcome from a user's perspective? Thus, they bear the potential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Xuan Zhao , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci