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The standard approach to Bayesian inference is based on the assumption that the distribution of the data belongs to the chosen model class. However, even a small violation of this assumption can have a large impact on the outcome of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-22 Jeffrey W. Miller , David B. Dunson

Counterfactual explanations indicate the smallest change in input that can translate to a different outcome for a machine learning model. Counterfactuals have generated immense interest in high-stakes applications such as finance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Erfaun Noorani , Pasan Dissanayake , Faisal Hamman , Sanghamitra Dutta

This paper deals with uncertainty quantification and out-of-distribution detection in deep learning using Bayesian and ensemble methods. It proposes a practical solution to the lack of prediction diversity observed recently for standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Antoine de Mathelin , François Deheeger , Mathilde Mougeot , Nicolas Vayatis

In the field of modeling, the word validation refers to simple comparisons between model outputs and experimental data. Usually, this comparison constitutes plotting the model results against data on the same axes to provide a visual…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-11 Farid Mohammadi

The principle of maximum entropy (Maxent) is often used to obtain prior probability distributions as a method to obtain a Gibbs measure under some restriction giving the probability that a system will be in a certain state compared to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Hector Zenil , Narsis A. Kiani , Jesper Tegnér

Individual and group decisions are complex, often involving choosing an apt alternative from a multitude of options. Evaluating pairwise comparisons breaks down such complex decision problems into tractable ones. Pairwise comparison…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Purushottam D. Dixit

In a paper [8] the authors classify entropy into three categories, as a thermodynamics quantity, as a measure of information production, and as a means of statistical inference. An entropy measure introduced by Mathai falls into the second…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-31 Hans J. Haubold

It is crucial for robots to be aware of the presence of constraints in order to acquire safe policies. However, explicitly specifying all constraints in an environment can be a challenging task. State-of-the-art constraint inference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Dimitris Papadimitriou , Daniel S. Brown

We consider the problem of diagnosing faults in a system represented by a Bayesian network, where diagnosis corresponds to recovering the most likely state of unobserved nodes given the outcomes of tests (observed nodes). Finding an optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Alice X. Zheng , Irina Rish , Alina Beygelzimer

Statistical quality control methods are noteworthy to producing standard production in manufacturing processes. In this regard, there are many classical manners to control the process. Many of them have a global assumption around the…

We analyze a nonlinear pricing model where the seller controls both product pricing (screening) and buyer information about their own values (persuasion). We prove that the optimal mechanism always consists of finitely many signals and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-03-11 Dirk Bergemann , Tibor Heumann , Stephen Morris

Various structured argumentation frameworks utilize preferences as part of their standard inference procedure to enable reasoning with preferences. In this paper, we consider an inverse of the standard reasoning problem, seeking to identify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Quratul-ain Mahesar , Nir Oren , Wamberto W. Vasconcelos

We employ the Bayesian improved cross entropy (BiCE) method for rare event estimation in static networks and choose the categorical mixture as the parametric family to capture the dependence among network components. At each iteration of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-25 Jianpeng Chan , Iason Papaioannou , Daniel Straub

Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) RL maximizes a combination of the original task reward and an entropy reward. It is believed that the regularization imposed by entropy, on both policy improvement and policy evaluation, together contributes to good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Haonan Yu , Haichao Zhang , Wei Xu

The beneficial effects of treatments vary across individuals in most studies. Treatment heterogeneity motivates practitioners to search for the optimal policy based on personal characteristics. A long-standing common practice in policy…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-06 Xuqiao Li , Ying Yan

To conduct Bayesian inference with large data sets, it is often convenient or necessary to distribute the data across multiple machines. We consider a likelihood function expressed as a product of terms, each associated with a subset of the…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-09 Lewis J. Rendell , Adam M. Johansen , Anthony Lee , Nick Whiteley

Minimization of the (regularized) entropy of classification probabilities is a versatile class of discriminative clustering methods. The classification probabilities are usually defined through the use of some classical losses from…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-17 Edouard Genetay , Adrien Saumard , Rémi Coulaud

We develop an empirical Bayes procedure for estimating the cell means in an unbalanced, two-way additive model with fixed effects. We employ a hierarchical model, which reflects exchangeability of the effects within treatment and within…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-30 Lawrence D. Brown , Gourab Mukherjee , Asaf Weinstein

This paper considers ranking inference of $n$ items based on the observed data on the top choice among $M$ randomly selected items at each trial. This is a useful modification of the Plackett-Luce model for $M$-way ranking with only the top…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-09 Jianqing Fan , Zhipeng Lou , Weichen Wang , Mengxin Yu

Entropy is a measure of self-information which is used to quantify losses. Entropy was developed in thermodynamics, but is also used to compare probabilities based on their deviating information content. Corresponding model uncertainty is…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-23 Alois Pichler , Ruben Schlotter