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There are several interrelated notions of discrete curvature on graphs. Many approaches utilize the optimal transportation metric on its probability simplex or the distance matrix of the graph. In this survey article, we compute formulas…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Sawyer Jack Robertson

Merge trees are a type of graph-based topological summary that tracks the evolution of connected components in the sublevel sets of scalar functions. They enjoy widespread applications in data analysis and scientific visualization. In this…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Ellen Gasparovic , Elizabeth Munch , Steve Oudot , Katharine Turner , Bei Wang , Yusu Wang

In this work we study the interleaving distance between merge trees from a combinatorial point of view. We use a particular type of matching between trees to obtain a novel formulation of the distance. With such formulation, we tackle the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Matteo Pegoraro

This paper introduces decorated merge trees (DMTs) as a novel invariant for persistent spaces. DMTs combine both $\pi_0$ and $H_n$ information into a single data structure that distinguishes filtrations that merge trees and persistent…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2021-07-29 Justin Curry , Haibin Hang , Washington Mio , Tom Needham , Osman Berat Okutan

Graph edit distance (GED) is a powerful and flexible graph matching paradigm that can be used to address different tasks in structural pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. In this paper, some new binary linear programming…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-22 Julien Lerouge , Zeina Abu-Aisheh , Romain Raveaux , Pierre Héroux , Sébastien Adam

An added edge to a graph is called an inset edge. Predicting k inset edges which minimize the average distance of a graph is known to be NP-Hard. However, when k = 1 the complexity of the problem is polynomial. In this paper, some tools for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-08-14 M. H. Khalifeh , A. -H. Esfahanian

Persistent homology has been widely used to discover hidden topological structures in data across various applications, including music data. To apply persistent homology, a distance or metric must be defined between points in a point cloud…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Eunwoo Heo , Byeongchan Choi , Myung ock Kim , Mai Lan Tran , Jae-Hun Jung

Merge trees are fundamental structures in topological data analysis. Interleaving distance is a widely accepted metric for comparing merge trees, with applications in visualization and scientific computing. While a greedy algorithm exists…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Elena Farahbakhsh Touli , Talha Bin Masood

A metric phylogenetic tree relating a collection of taxa induces weighted rooted triples and weighted quartets for all subsets of three and four taxa, respectively. New intertaxon distances are defined that can be calculated from these…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-12 Samaneh Yourdkhani , John A. Rhodes

Distances on merge trees facilitate visual comparison of collections of scalar fields. Two desirable properties for these distances to exhibit are 1) the ability to discern between scalar fields which other, less complex topological…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Brian Bollen , Pasindu Tennakoon , Joshua A. Levine

Kondo et al. (DS 2014) proposed methods for computing distances between unordered rooted trees by transforming an instance of the distance computing problem into an instance of the integer programming problem. They showed that the tree edit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Eunpyeong Hong , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Akihiro Yamamoto

An added edge to a graph is called an inset edge. Predicting k inset edges which minimize the average distance of a graph is known to be NP-Hard. When k = 1 the complexity of the problem is polynomial. In this paper, we further find the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-14 M. H. Khalifeh , A. -H. Esfahanian

Information distributed through the Web keeps growing faster day by day, and for this reason, several techniques for extracting Web data have been suggested during last years. Often, extraction tasks are performed through so called…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-06 Emilio Ferrara , Robert Baumgartner

A fundamental problem in network science is the normalization of the topological or physical distance between vertices, that requires understanding the range of variation of the unnormalized distances. Here we investigate the limits of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez , Juan Luis Esteban

Ultametrics are an important class of distances used in applications such as phylogenetics, clustering and classification theory. Ultrametrics are essentially distances that can be represented by an edge-weighted rooted tree so that all of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Katharina T. Huber , Vincent Moulton , Guillaume E. Scholz

The unordered tree edit distance is a natural metric to compute distances between trees without intrinsic child order, such as representations of chemical molecules. While the unordered tree edit distance is MAX SNP-hard in principle, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Benjamin Paaßen

We present the first dynamic algorithms for Dyck and tree edit distances with subpolynomial update times. Dyck edit distance measures how far a parenthesis string is from a well-parenthesized expression, while tree edit distance quantifies…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Debarati Das , Jacob Gilbert , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Tomasz Kociumaka , Barna Saha

An algorithm is proposed for constructing directed spanning forests of the minimum weight, in which the maximum possible degree of affinity between the minimum forests is preserved when the number of trees changes. The correctness of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Vasily Buslov

In this paper we offer a metric similar to graph edit distance which measures the distance between two (possibly infinite)weighted graphs with finite norm (we define the norm of a graph as the sum of absolute values of its edges). The main…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2009-06-16 Hamed Daneshpajouh , Hamid Reza Daneshpajouh , Farzad Didehvar

The edit distance between two rooted ordered trees with $n$ nodes labeled from an alphabet~$\Sigma$ is the minimum cost of transforming one tree into the other by a sequence of elementary operations consisting of deleting and relabeling…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Karl Bringmann , Paweł Gawrychowski , Shay Mozes , Oren Weimann