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Related papers: Note on VDB Topological Indices of k-Cyclic Graphs

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For a graph $G$ with edge set $E$, let $d(u)$ denote the degree of a vertex $u$ in $G$. The diminished Sombor (DSO) index of $G$ is defined as $DSO(G)=\sum_{uv\in E}\sqrt{(d(u))^2+(d(v))^2}(d(u)+d(v))^{-1}$. The cyclomatic number of a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Abdulaziz Mutlaq Alotaibi , Abdulaziz M. Alanazi , Taher S. Hassan , Akbar Ali

In this paper, we refer to a asymptotic degree sequence as $\mathscr{D}=(d_1,d_2,\dots,d_n)$. The examination of topological indices on trees gives us a general overview through bounds to find the maximum and minimum bounds which reflect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Jasem Hamoud , Duaa Abdullah

The Hyperbolic Sombor index $HSO(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as \begin{align*} HSO(G) = \sum_{v_iv_j \in E(G)} \frac{\sqrt{d_i^{2}+d_j^{2}}}{\min\{d_i,d_j\}}, \end{align*} where $d_i$ and $d_j$ denote the degrees of the vertices $v_i$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Kinkar Chandra Das , Sultan Ahmad

Topological indices have been used to modeling biological and chemical properties of molecules in quantitive structure property relationship studies and quantitive structure activity studies. All the degree based topological indices have…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-07-27 Süleyman Ediz

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite simple graph. The Sombor index $SO(G)$ of $G$ is defined as $\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d_u^2+d_v^2}$, where $d_u$ is the degree of vertex $u$ in $G$. Let $G$ be a connected graph constructed from pairwise disjoint…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Saeid Alikhani , Nima Ghanbari

Recently, Gutman defined a new vertex-degree-based graph invariant, named the Sombor index $SO$ of a graph $G$, and is defined by $$SO(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d_G(u)^2+d_G(v)^2},$$ where $d_G(v)$ is the degree of the vertex $v$ of $G$. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Batmend Horoldagva , Chunlei Xu

Let $G=(V, E)$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V$ and edge set $E$. The Sombor index of the graph $G$ is a degree-based topological index, defined as $$SO(G)=\sum_{uv \in E}\sqrt{d(u)^2+d(v)^2},$$ in which $d(x)$ is the degree of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-14 Fateme Movahedi

Continuing the recent work of L. Zhong and K. Xu [MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem.71(2014) 627-642], we determine inequalities among several vertex-degree-based topological indices; first geometric-arithmetic index(GA), augmented Zagreb…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Akbar Ali , Akhlaq Ahmad Bhatti , Zahid Raza

We introduce the \emph{ID-index} of a finite simple connected graph. For a graph $G=(V,\ E)$ with diameter $d$, we let $f:V\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ assign \emph{ranks} to the vertices, then under $f$, each vertex $v$ gets a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Runze Wang

The Sombor index $SO(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of the edge weights $\sqrt{d^2_G(u)+d^2_G(v)}$ of all edges $uv$ of $G$, where $d_G(u)$ denotes the degree of the vertex $u$ in $G$. A connected graph $G = (V ,E)$ is called a quasi-tree,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Ruiting Zhang , Huiqing Liu , Yibo Li

In 2021, the Sombor index was introduced by Gutman, which is a new degree-based topological molecular descriptors. The Sombor index of a graph $G$ is defined as $SO(G) =\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d^2_G(u)+d^2_G(v)}$, where $d_G(v)$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-09 Ting Zhou , Zhen Lin , Lianying Miao

The eccentric connectivity index of a graph $G$, denoted by $\xi^{c}(G)$, defined as $\xi^{c}(G)$ = $\sum_{v \in V(G)}\epsilon(v) \cdot d(v)$, where $\epsilon(v)$ and $d(v)$ denotes the eccentricity and degree of a vertex $v$ in a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-25 Devsi Bantva

Carbon nanotube Y-junctions are of great interest to the next generation of innovative multi-terminal nanodevices. Topological indices are graph-theoretically based parameters that describe various structural properties of a chemical…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-01-06 Sohan Lal , Vijay Kumar Bhat , Sahil Sharma

The forgotten topological index of a graph $G$, denoted by $F(G)$, is defined as the sum of weights $d(u)^{2}+d(v)^{2}$ over all edges $uv$ of $G$ , where $d(u)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $u$. In this paper, we give sharp upper bounds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-05 A. Jahanbani , L. Shahbazi , S. M. Sheikholeslami , R. Rasi , J. Rodriguez

For a graph $G$ with edge set $E$, let $d(w)$ denote the degree of a vertex $w$ in $G$. The hyperbolic Sombor index of $G$ is defined by $$HSO(G)=\sum_{uv\in E}(\min\{d(u),d(v)\})^{-1}\sqrt{(d(u))^2+(d(v))^2}.$$ If $\min\{d(u),d(v)\}$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Abeer M. Albalahi , Shibsankar Das , Akbar Ali , Jayjit Barman , Amjad E. Hamza

The vertex PI index is a distance--based molecular structure descriptor, that recently found numerous chemical applications. In order to increase diversity of this topological index for bipartite graphs, we introduce weighted version…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Aleksandar Ili\' c , Nikola Milosavaljevi\' c

Graph theory has provided a very useful tool, called topological indices which are a number obtained from the graph $G$ with the property that every graph $H$ isomorphic to $G$, value of a topological index must be same for both $G$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Nilanjan De

The general sum-connectivity index of a graph $G$ is defined as $\chi_\alpha(G)=\sum\limits_{uv\in E(G)} {(d(u)+d(v))^{\alpha}}$, where $d(v)$ denotes the degree of the vertex $v$ in $G$ and $\alpha$ is a real number. In this paper it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-13 M. K. Jamil , I. Tomescu

Topological indices are numerical invariants derived from molecular graphs and play an important role in characterizing chemical compounds and predicting their properties. Among the earliest descriptors are the classical Zagreb indices…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Kinkar Chandra Das , Jayanta Bera

Chemical graphs are simple undirected connected graphs, where vertices represent atoms in a molecule and edges represent chemical bonds. A degree-based topological index is a molecular descriptor used to study specific physicochemical…