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Recently, there has been extensive research on the capabilities of biologically plausible algorithms. In this work, we show how one of such algorithms, called predictive coding, is able to perform causal inference tasks. First, we show how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Tommaso Salvatori , Luca Pinchetti , Amine M'Charrak , Beren Millidge , Thomas Lukasiewicz

A data science task can be deemed as making sense of the data or testing a hypothesis about it. The conclusions inferred from data can greatly guide us to make informative decisions. Big data has enabled us to carry out countless prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

This review systematizes the emerging literature for causal inference using deep neural networks under the potential outcomes framework. It provides an intuitive introduction on how deep learning can be used to estimate/predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Bernard Koch , Tim Sainburg , Pablo Geraldo , Song Jiang , Yizhou Sun , Jacob Gates Foster

In many fields of scientific research and real-world applications, unbiased estimation of causal effects from non-experimental data is crucial for understanding the mechanism underlying the data and for decision-making on effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Debo Cheng , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Jixue Liu , Thuc Duy Le

Causal theory is now widely developed with many applications to medicine and public health. However within the discipline of reliability, although causation is a key concept in this field, there has been much less theoretical attention. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Xuewen Yu , Jim Q. Smith , Linda Nichols

This tutorial provides a concise introduction to modern causal modeling by integrating potential outcomes and graphical methods. We motivate causal questions such as counterfactual reasoning under interventions and define binary treatments…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Gauranga Kumar Baishya

Causality in distributed systems is a concept that has long been explored and numerous approaches have been made to use causality as a way to trace distributed system execution. Traditional approaches usually used system profiling and newer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ishaan Lagwankar , Kanishka Wijewardena

Machine learning on data streams is increasingly more present in multiple domains. However, there is often data distribution shift that can lead machine learning models to make incorrect decisions. While there are automatic methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 João Palmeiro , Beatriz Malveiro , Rita Costa , David Polido , Ricardo Moreira , Pedro Bizarro

Today, software systems have a significant role in various domains among which are healthcare, entertainment, transport and logistics, and many more. It is only natural that with this increasing dependency on software, the number of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Filip Zamfirov

With the growing complexity of cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructures such as water treatment networks, there is a pressing need for robust anomaly detection strategies that account for both system vulnerabilities and evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Haoyue Bai , Dongjie Wang , Yanjie Fu

Deep learning has revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence. Based on the statistical correlations uncovered by deep learning-based methods, computer vision has contributed to tremendous growth in areas like autonomous driving and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Kexuan Zhang , Qiyu Sun , Chaoqiang Zhao , Yang Tang

Background: Symbolic models, particularly decision trees, are widely used in software engineering for explainable analytics in defect prediction, configuration tuning, and software quality assessment. Most of these models rely on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Amirali Rayegan , Tim Menzies

Causal discovery is essential for advancing data-driven fields such as scientific AI and data analysis, yet existing approaches face significant time- and space-efficiency bottlenecks when scaling to large graphs. To address this challenge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bo Peng , Sirui Chen , Jiaguo Tian , Yu Qiao , Chaochao Lu

Statistical fault localization (SFL) techniques use execution profiles and success/failure information from software executions, in conjunction with statistical inference, to automatically score program elements based on how likely they are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Yigit Kucuk , Tim A. D. Henderson , Andy Podgurski

The ubiquity of accelerators in high-performance computing has driven programming complexity beyond the skill-set of the average domain scientist. To maintain performance portability in the future, it is imperative to decouple…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Tal Ben-Nun , Johannes de Fine Licht , Alexandros Nikolaos Ziogas , Timo Schneider , Torsten Hoefler

Causal inference is a central goal across many scientific disciplines. Over the past several decades, three major frameworks have emerged to formalize causal questions and guide their analysis: the potential outcomes framework, structural…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Linbo Wang , Thomas Richardson , James Robins

This paper introduces a new framework for recovering causal graphs from observational data, leveraging the observation that the distribution of an effect, conditioned on its causes, remains invariant to changes in the prior distribution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nang Hung Nguyen , Phi Le Nguyen , Thao Nguyen Truong , Trong Nghia Hoang , Masashi Sugiyama

Causal inference is a statistical paradigm for quantifying causal effects using observational data. It is a complex process, requiring multiple steps, iterations, and collaborations with domain experts. Analysts often rely on visualizations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Grace Guo , Ehud Karavani , Alex Endert , Bum Chul Kwon

The increasing need for causal analysis in large-scale industrial datasets necessitates the development of efficient and scalable causal algorithms for real-world applications. This paper addresses the challenge of scaling causal algorithms…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Vishal Verma , Vinod Reddy , Jaiprakash Ravi

Causal discovery procedures aim to deduce causal relationships among variables in a multivariate dataset. While various methods have been proposed for estimating a single causal model or a single equivalence class of models, less attention…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-08 Y. Samuel Wang , Mladen Kolar , Mathias Drton
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