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First-order linear temporal logic (FOLTL) is a flexible and expressive formalism capable of naturally describing complex behaviors and properties. Although the logic is in general highly undecidable, the idea of using it as a specification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

We present a logic that extends CTL (Computation Tree Logic) with operators that express synchronization properties. A property is synchronized in a system if it holds in all paths of a certain length. The new logic is obtained by using the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen

We study Monadic Second-Order Logic (MSO) over finite words, extended with (non-uniform arbitrary) monadic predicates. We show that it defines a class of languages that has algebraic, automata-theoretic and machine-independent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Charles Paperman

We use the algebraic framework for languages of infinite trees introduced in [4] to derive effective characterisations of various temporal logics, in particular the logic EF (a fragment of CTL) and its counting variant cEF.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Achim Blumensath , Jakub Lédl

Query evaluation in monadic second-order logic (MSO) is tractable on trees and treelike instances, even though it is hard for arbitrary instances. This tractability result has been extended to several tasks related to query evaluation, such…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Antoine Amarilli , Pierre Bourhis , Pierre Senellart

This work addresses the problem of computing measures of recognisable sets of infinite trees. An algorithm is provided to compute the probability measure of a tree language recognisable by a weak alternating automaton, or equivalently…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Damian Niwiński , Marcin Przybyłko , Michał Skrzypczak

Translating formulas of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) over finite traces, or LTLf, to symbolic Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) plays an important role not only in LTLf synthesis, but also in synthesis for Safety LTL formulas. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Shufang Zhu , Geguang Pu , Moshe Y. Vardi

We study the problem of policy optimization (PO) with linear temporal logic (LTL) constraints. The language of LTL allows flexible description of tasks that may be unnatural to encode as a scalar cost function. We consider LTL-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Cameron Voloshin , Hoang M. Le , Swarat Chaudhuri , Yisong Yue

We address questions of logic and expressibility in the context of random rooted trees. Infiniteness of a rooted tree is not expressible as a first order sentence, but is expressible as an existential monadic second order sentence (EMSO).…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-21 Alexander E. Holroyd , Avi Levy , Moumanti Podder , Joel Spencer

Verification of properties of first order logic with two variables FO2 has been investigated in a number of contexts. Over arbitrary structures it is known to be decidable with NEXPTIME complexity, with finitely satisfiable formulas having…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-03 Saguy Benaim , Michael Benedikt , Rastislav Lenhardt , James Worrell

This paper settles the computational complexity of model checking of several extensions of the monadic second order (MSO) logic on two classes of graphs: graphs of bounded treewidth and graphs of bounded neighborhood diversity. A classical…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Dušan Knop , Martin Koutecký , Tomáš Masařík , Tomáš Toufar

To Rogers (1994) we owe the insight that monadic second order predicate logic with multiple successors (MSO) is well suited in many respects as a realistic formal base for syntactic theorizing. However, the agreeable formal properties of…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Uwe Moennich

We propose $\omega$MSO$\Join$BAPA, an expressive logic for describing countable structures, which subsumes and transcends both Counting Monadic Second-Order Logic (CMSO) and Boolean Algebra with Presburger Arithmetic (BAPA). We show that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Luisa Herrmann , Vincent Peth , Sebastian Rudolph

We investigate the expressivity and computational complexity of two modal logics on finite forests equipped with operators to reason on submodels. The logic ML(|) extends the basic modal logic ML with the composition operator | from static…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Bartosz Bednarczyk , Stéphane Demri , Raul Fervari , Alessio Mansutti

We study the logic FO(~), the extension of first-order logic with team semantics by unrestricted Boolean negation. It was recently shown axiomatizable, but otherwise has not yet received much attention in questions of computational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-04-16 Martin Lück

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a prominent specification formalism for real-time systems. In this paper, we show that the satisfiability problem for MTL over finite timed words is decidable, with non-primitive recursive complexity. We also…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Joel Ouaknine , James Worrell

Nested words are a structured model of execution paths in procedural programs, reflecting their call and return nesting structure. Finite nested words also capture the structure of parse trees and other tree-structured data, such as XML. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Rajeev Alur , Marcelo Arenas , Pablo Barcelo , Kousha Etessami , Neil Immerman , Leonid Libkin

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a generalisation of Linear Temporal Logic in which the Until and Since modalities are annotated with intervals that express metric constraints. A seminal result of Hirshfeld and Rabinovich shows that over the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-19 Paul Hunter , Joël Ouaknine , James Worrell

Previous work has shown that reasoning with real-time temporal logics is often simpler when restricted to models with bounded variability---where no more than v events may occur every V time units, for given v, V. When reasoning about…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-02-24 Carlo A. Furia , Paola Spoletini

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a popular formalism to specify temporal patterns with timing constraints over the behavior of cyber-physical systems with application areas ranging in property-based testing, robotics, optimization, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Dogan Ulus