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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces enable active control of wireless propagation channels, which is crucial for future 5G and 6G networks. This work presents a scalable RIS design operating at 3.6 GHz with both 1 bit and 3 bit phase…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Markus Heinrichs , Aydin Sezgin , Rainer Kronberger

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with 1-bit phase resolution suffers from high side lobe levels (SLLs) in the near field and pronounced quantization lobe levels (QLLs) in the far field, which is detrimental for the quality of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Ruiqi Wang , Yiming Yang , Atif Shamim

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have been identified as a potential ingredient to enhance the performance of contemporary wireless communication and sensing systems. Yet, most of the existing devices are either costly or not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Markus Heinrichs , Aydin Sezgin , Rainer Kronberger

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have promising coverage and data rate gains for wireless communication systems in 5G and beyond. Prior work has mainly focused on analyzing the performance of these surfaces using computer…

Originally introduced in the early 2010's, the idea of smart environments through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) controlling the reflections of the electromagnetic waves has attracted much attention in recent years in preparation…

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) exhibit promising enhancements in coverage and data rates for wireless communication systems, particularly in the context of 5G and beyond. This paper introduces a novel approach by focusing on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Jianan Zhang , Rujing Xiong , Junshuo Liu , Tiebin Mi , Robert Caiming Qiu

This letter presents a novel Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) that features a low-profile structure, wide operating bandwidth, and continuous phase control. By incorporating a middle patch layer without introducing an additional air…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yikun Li , Yufei Zhao , Chau Yuen , Xiong Qin , Christ Clenson , Chao Du , Yong Liang Guan

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can help establish secondary line-of-sight links for 5G mmWave and beyond applications to cater for the large path loss and blockage in millimeter-wave direct links. It is desirable that the RISs…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-09 Yiming Yang , Mohammad Vaseem , Ruiqi Wang , Behrooz Makki , Atif Shamim

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable reliable low-latency millimeter wave (mmWave) communication links in cases of a blocked line-of-sight (LoS) between the base station (BS) and the user equipment (UE), i.e. a RIS mounted on a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Hamed Radpour , Markus Hofer , David Loschenbrand , Lukas Walter Mayer , Andreas Hofmann , Martin Schiefer , Thomas Zemen

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are promising and relatively low-cost tools for improving signal propagation in wireless communications. An RIS assists a base station in optimizing the channel and maximizing its capacity by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-01 Andrey Sayanskiy , Andrey Belov , Ruslan Yafasov , Andrey Lyulyakin , Alexander Sherstobitov , Stanislav Glybovski , Vladimir Lyashev

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are conventionally implemented as two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic (EM) structures to steer incident waves toward desired reflection angles. This approach limits the reflection to a single…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Ruiqi Wang , Yiming Yang , Atif Shamim

One of the key enablers of future wireless communications is constituted by massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which can improve the spectral efficiency by orders of magnitude. However, in existing massive MIMO systems,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Linglong Dai , Bichai Wang , Min Wang , Xue Yang , Jingbo Tan , Shuangkaisheng Bi , Shenheng Xu , Fan Yang , Zhi Chen , Marco Di Renzo , Lajos Hanzo

With the capability to support gigabit data rates, millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) communication is unanimously considered a key technology of future cellular networks. However, the harsh propagation at such high frequencies makes these networks…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Eugenio Moro , Ilario Filippini , Antonio Capone , Danilo De Donno

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces have emerged as a promising hardware platform for shaping wireless propagation environments at millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequencies and beyond. While many existing studies emphasize channel modeling and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Ruiqi Wang , Pinjun Zheng , Yiming Yang , Xiarui Su , Mohammad Vaseem , Anas Chaaban , Md. Jahangir Hossain , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Atif Shamim

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is attracting more and more research interest because of its ability to reprogram the radio environment. Designing and implementing the RIS, however, is challenging because of limitations of printed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-01 Yiming Yang , Mohammad Vaseem , Ruiqi Wang , Behrooz Makki , Atif Shamim

This paper presents a 1-bit reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) fabricated using a three-layer structure. It employs a manual layer stackup incorporating an optimal air gap to reduce the effective dielectric losses while using a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Mahendra Kheti , Debapratim Ghosh , Soumya P. Dash

This paper presents a real-world experimental analysis of a modular reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) prototype designed to operate in the 5G N78 band. Unlike most RIS studies in the literature that focus on simulations or controlled…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Sefa Kayraklık , Samed Keşir , Batuhan Kaplan , Ahmet Muaz Aktaş , Emre Arslan , Ahmet Faruk Coskun

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is a potential solution to enhance network capacity and coverage without significant investment in additional infrastructure in 6G networks. This work highlights the interest of the…

In this paper, a broadband 1-bit coding metasurface-based reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is presented. The unit cell of the metasurface consists of a wide dipole modified with interdigital capacitors and loaded with an SMP…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Khagendra Joshi , Deepak Kumar Sahoo , Kamalesh Kumar K , Debidas Kundu , Vivek A. Bohara , Amalendu Patnaik

A novel dual-band reconfigurable intelligent surface (DBI-RIS) design that combines the functionalities of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-6 GHz bands within a single aperture is proposed. This design aims to bridge the gap between current…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-06 Junhui Rao , Yujie Zhang , Shiwen Tang , Zan Li , Zhaoyang Ming , Jichen Zhang , Chi Yuk Chiu , Ross Murch
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