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Benefiting from cloud computing, today's early-stage quantum computers can be remotely accessed via the cloud services, known as Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS). However, it poses a high risk of data leakage in quantum machine learning (QML).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Zhepeng Wang , Yi Sheng , Nirajan Koirala , Kanad Basu , Taeho Jung , Cheng-Chang Lu , Weiwen Jiang

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a category of algorithms that employ variational quantum circuits (VQCs) to tackle machine learning tasks. Recent discoveries have shown that QML models can effectively generalize from limited training data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Satwik Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum computing (QC) has the potential to revolutionize fields like machine learning, security, and healthcare. Quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged as a promising area, enhancing learning algorithms using quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Suryansh Upadhyay , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) systems inherit vulnerabilities from classical machine learning while introducing new attack surfaces rooted in the physical and algorithmic layers of quantum computing. Despite a growing body of research on…

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising intersection of quantum computing and classical machine learning, anticipated to drive breakthroughs in computational tasks. This paper discusses the question which security concerns…

Quantum computing (QC) has the potential to revolutionize fields like machine learning, security, and healthcare. Quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged as a promising area, enhancing learning algorithms using quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Suryansh Upadhyay , Swaroop Ghosh

The use of machine learning (ML) has become increasingly prevalent in various domains, highlighting the importance of understanding and ensuring its safety. One pressing concern is the vulnerability of ML applications to model stealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ganghua Wang , Yuhong Yang , Jie Ding

The increasing number of cyber threats and rapidly evolving tactics, as well as the high volume of data in recent years, have caused classical machine learning, rules, and signature-based defence strategies to fail, rendering them unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Siva Sai , Ishika Goyal , Shubham Sharma , Sri Harshita Manuri , Vinay Chamola , Rajkumar Buyya

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) integrates quantum computing with classical machine learning, primarily to solve classification, regression and generative tasks. However, its rapid development raises critical security challenges in the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Archisman Ghosh , Satwik Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize our understanding of the limits of computation, and its implications in cryptography have long been evident. Today, cryptographers are actively devising post-quantum solutions to counter the…

In the last few years, quantum computing has experienced a growth spurt. One exciting avenue of quantum computing is quantum machine learning (QML) which can exploit the high dimensional Hilbert space to learn richer representations from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Satwik Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum machine learning (QML) has the potential to achieve quantum advantage for specific tasks by combining quantum computation with classical machine learning (ML). In classical ML, a significant challenge is membership-privacy leakage,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Junjian Su , Runze He , Guanghui Li , Sujuan Qin , Zhimin He , Haozhen Situ , Fei Gao

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers theoretically unbreakable security by leveraging quantum mechanics. However, practical implementation is challenged by environmental vulnerabilities, noise, and hardware imperfections. Recently, Machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Ali Al-Kuwari , Safaa Alqrinawi , Lujayn Al-Amir , Amina Mollazehi , Saif Al-Kuwari

The meteoric rise of artificial intelligence in recent years has seen machine learning methods become ubiquitous in modern science, technology, and industry. Concurrently, the emergence of programmable quantum computers, coupled with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Muhammad Usman

The emergence of quantum computing and related technologies presents opportunities for enhancing network security. The transition towards quantum computational power paves the way for creating strategies to mitigate the constantly advancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Diego Abreu , Christian Esteve Rothenberg , Antonio Abelem

Quantum machine learning (QML) is an emerging field of research that leverages quantum computing to improve the classical machine learning approach to solve complex real world problems. QML has the potential to address cybersecurity related…

Quantum machine learning (QML) can complement the growing trend of using learned models for a myriad of classification tasks, from image recognition to natural speech processing. A quantum advantage arises due to the intractability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-11 William M Watkins , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Shinjae Yoo

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is an emerging field of research with potential applications to distributed collaborative learning, such as Split Learning (SL). SL allows resource-constrained clients to collaboratively train ML models with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Hevish Cowlessur , Chandra Thapa , Tansu Alpcan , Seyit Camtepe

Quantum machine learning (QML) holds the promise to solve classically intractable problems, but, as critical data can be fragmented across private clients, there is a need for distributed QML in a quantum federated learning (QFL) format.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Jason Han , Nicholas S. DiBrita , Daniel Leeds , Jianqiang Li , Jason Ludmir , Tirthak Patel

Cloud hosting of quantum machine learning (QML) models exposes them to a range of vulnerabilities, the most significant of which is the model stealing attack. In this study, we assess the efficacy of such attacks in the realm of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Satwik Kundu , Debarshi Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh
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