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Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun

Conventional optimal power flow (OPF) solvers assume full observability of the involved system states. However, in practice, there is a lack of reliable system monitoring devices in the distribution networks. To close the gap between the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Yi Guo , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao , Yue Chen , Tyler Summers , Lijun Chen

Using machine learning to obtain solutions to AC optimal power flow has recently been a very active area of research due to the astounding speedups that result from bypassing traditional optimization techniques. However, generally ensuring…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-18 Kyri Baker

There is an emerging need for efficient solutions to stochastic AC Optimal Power Flow ({AC-}OPF) to ensure optimal and reliable grid operations in the presence of increasing demand and generation uncertainty. This paper presents a highly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Ilyes Mezghani , Sidhant Misra , Deepjyoti Deka

Several methods have been proposed in the literature to improve the quality of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) datasets used in machine learning (ML) models. Yet, scalability to large power systems remains unaddressed and comparing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Matteo Baù , Luca Perbellini , Samuele Grillo

This paper focuses on an AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem for distribution feeders equipped with controllable distributed energy resources (DERs). We consider a solution method that is based on a continuous approximation of the projected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Damola Ajeyemi , Yiting Chen , Antonin Colot , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem minimizes the operating cost of an electric power system. Applications of convex relaxation techniques to the non-convex OPF problem have been of recent interest, including work using the Lasserre…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-17 Daniel K. Molzahn , Cédric Josz , Ian A. Hiskens , Patrick Panciatici

DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) problems optimize the generators' active power setpoints while satisfying constraints based on the DC power flow linearization. The computational tractability advantages of DC-OPF problems come at the expense…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

This paper proposes a hard-constrained unsupervised learning framework for rapidly solving the non-linear and non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem in real-time operation. Without requiring ground-truth AC-OPF solutions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kejun Chen , Bernard Knueven , Wesley Jones

Alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is one of the fundamental problems in power systems operation. AC-OPF is traditionally cast as a constrained optimization problem that seeks optimal generation set points whilst fulfilling a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Henning Lange , Bingqing Chen , Mario Berges , Soummya Kar

This paper proposes a two-level distributed algorithmic framework for solving the AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem with convergence guarantees. The presence of highly nonconvex constraints in OPF poses significant challenges to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-14 Kaizhao Sun , Xu Andy Sun

The Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) problem remains one of the most fundamental yet computationally challenging tasks in power systems operation and planning due to its nonconvex, nonlinear, and multimodal nature. This paper…

An effective means for analyzing the impact of novel operating schemes on power systems is time domain simulation, for example for investigating optimization-based curtailment of renewables to alleviate voltage violations. Traditionally,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-27 Sandro Merkli , Alexander Domahidi , Juan Jerez , Manfred Morari , Roy S. Smith

Convex relaxations of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problems have attracted significant interest as in several instances they provably yield the global optimum to the original non-convex problem. If, however, the relaxation is inexact, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Andreas Venzke , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis , Daniel K. Molzahn

This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem minimizes power system operating cost subject to both engineering and network constraints. With the potential to find global solutions, significant research interest has focused on convex relaxations of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-03 Daniel K. Molzahn , Ian A. Hiskens

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a valuable tool for power system operators, but it is a difficult problem to solve for large systems. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, especially Neural Networks-based (NN) optimization proxies, have emerged as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Rahul Nellikkath , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Linear approximation commonly used in solving alternating-current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) simplifies the system models but incurs accumulated voltage errors in large power networks. Such errors will make the primal-dual type gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Heng Liang , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao

Though the convex optimization has been widely used in power systems, it still cannot guarantee to yield a tight (accurate) solution to some problems. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposes an ensemble learning based convex…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-18 Ren Hu , Qifeng Li , Feng Qiu