English
Related papers

Related papers: Understanding and Improving Feature Learning for O…

200 papers

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

Gradient-based learning algorithms have an implicit simplicity bias which in effect can limit the diversity of predictors being sampled by the learning procedure. This behavior can hinder the transferability of trained models by (i)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Yujia Huang , Sihui Dai , Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is crucial for robust machine learning systems. Normalizing flows are flexible deep generative models that often surprisingly fail to distinguish between in- and out-of-distribution data: a flow…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-16 Polina Kirichenko , Pavel Izmailov , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Deep generative models (DGMs) seem a natural fit for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, but such models have been shown to assign higher probabilities or densities to OOD images than images from the training distribution. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Lily H. Zhang , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) nodes in the graph-based machine-learning field is challenging, particularly when in-distribution (ID) node multi-category labels are unavailable. Thus, we focus on feature space rather than label space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shenzhi Yang , Junbo Zhao , Sharon Li , Shouqing Yang , Dingyu Yang , Xiaofang Zhang , Haobo Wang

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

The mismatch between training and target data is one major challenge for current machine learning systems. When training data is collected from multiple domains and the target domains include all training domains and other new domains, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Haotian Ye , Chuanlong Xie , Yue Liu , Zhenguo Li

This work considers the out-of-distribution (OOD) prediction problem where (1)~the training data are from multiple domains and (2)~the test domain is unseen in the training. DNNs fail in OOD prediction because they are prone to pick up…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ruocheng Guo , Pengchuan Zhang , Hao Liu , Emre Kiciman

Deep neural networks often face generalization problems to handle out-of-distribution (OOD) data, and there remains a notable theoretical gap between the contributing factors and their respective impacts. Literature evidence from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Songming Zhang , Yuxiao Luo , Qizhou Wang , Haoang Chi , Xiaofeng Chen , Bo Han , Jinyan Li

Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Feng Liu , Bo Han , Jie Lu

In real-world applications, it is important and desirable to learn a model that performs well on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Recently, causality has become a powerful tool to tackle the OOD generalization problem, with the idea resting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-25 Ruoyu Wang , Mingyang Yi , Zhitang Chen , Shengyu Zhu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial when deploying deep neural networks in the real world to ensure the reliability and safety of their applications. One main challenge in OOD detection is that neural network models often produce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jinlun Ye , Zhuohao Sun , Yiqiao Qiu , Qiu Li , Zhijun Tan , Ruixuan Wang

Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for machine learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation under distribution shifts. Existing graph OOD methods tend to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Henan Sun , Xunkai Li , Lei Zhu , Junyi Han , Guang Zeng , Ronghua Li , Guoren Wang

Out-of-distribution (O.O.D.) generalization remains to be a key challenge for real-world machine learning systems. We describe a method for O.O.D. generalization that, through training, encourages models to only preserve features in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Arjun Ashok , Chaitanya Devaguptapu , Vineeth Balasubramanian

We present a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) and adversarial samples in deep neural networks. Our approach consists in modeling the outputs of the various layers (deep features) with parametric probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-27 Nilesh A. Ahuja , Ibrahima Ndiour , Trushant Kalyanpur , Omesh Tickoo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for safe deployment of learning systems in the open world setting. In this work, we investigate the use of feature density estimation via normalizing flows for OOD detection and present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Evan D. Cook , Marc-Antoine Lavoie , Steven L. Waslander

This paper presents a novel evaluation framework for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection that aims to assess the performance of machine learning models in more realistic settings. We observed that the real-world requirements for testing OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Mohammad Sabokrou

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safety-sensitive machine learning applications and has been extensively studied, yielding a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, most studies for OOD detection did not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Atsuyuki Miyai , Qing Yu , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of open-world intelligent systems. Despite the notable advancements in existing OOD detection methodologies, our study identifies a significant performance drop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jiuqing Dong , Yongbin Gao , Heng Zhou , Jun Cen , Yifan Yao , Sook Yoon , Park Dong Sun