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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a dominant approach to learning graph representations, primarily because of their message-passing mechanisms. However, GNNs typically adopt a fixed aggregator function such as Mean, Max, or Sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xuanting Xie , Bingheng Li , Erlin Pan , Zhao Kang , Wenyu Chen

Graph neural networks have recently emerged as a very effective framework for processing graph-structured data. These models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks. Most graph neural networks can be described in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Giannis Nikolentzos , Antoine J. -P. Tixier , Michalis Vazirgiannis

We define a generic class of functions that captures most conceivable aggregations for Message-Passing Graph Neural Networks (MP-GNNs), and prove that any MP-GNN model with such aggregations induces only a polynomial number of equivalence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Eran Rosenbluth

We present a new angle on the expressive power of graph neural networks (GNNs) by studying how the predictions of real-valued GNN classifiers, such as those classifying graphs probabilistically, evolve as we apply them on larger graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Sam Adam-Day , Michael Benedikt , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Ben Finkelshtein

The recent advancements in graph neural networks (GNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performances in various applications, including chemo-informatics, question-answering systems, and recommender systems. However, scaling up these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Ryoma Sato , Makoto Yamada , Hisashi Kashima

We analyze graph smoothing with \emph{mean aggregation}, where each node successively receives the average of the features of its neighbors. Indeed, it has quickly been observed that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which generally follow some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-11 Nicolas Keriven

Generalization and approximation capabilities of message passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) are often studied by defining a compact metric on a space of input graphs under which MPNNs are H\"older continuous. Such analyses are of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ofek Amran , Tom Gilat , Ron Levie

In this paper, we revisit a well-known distributed projected subgradient algorithm which aims to minimize a sum of cost functions with a common set constraint. In contrast to most of existing results, weight matrices of the time-varying…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-29 Weijian Li , Zihan Chen , Youcheng Lou , Yiguang Hong

Graph neural networks (GNNs) work remarkably well in semi-supervised node regression, yet a rigorous theory explaining when and why they succeed remains lacking. To address this gap, we study an aggregate-and-readout model that encompasses…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-20 Juntong Chen , Claire Donnat , Olga Klopp , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Graph neural networks (GNNs), and especially message-passing neural networks, excel in various domains such as physics, drug discovery, and molecular modeling. The expressivity of GNNs with respect to their ability to discriminate…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable success in learning from graph-structured data. However, their application to directed graphs (digraphs) presents unique challenges, primarily due to the inherent asymmetry in node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wei Zhuo , Han Yu , Guang Tan , Xiaoxiao Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received increasing attention for representation learning in various machine learning tasks. However, most existing GNNs applying neighborhood aggregation usually perform poorly on the graph with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Wei Zhuo , Guang Tan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performance on a variety of machine learning tasks such as recommendation, node classification and link prediction. Graph neural network models generate node embeddings by merging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Yunpeng Weng , Xu Chen , Liang Chen , Wei Liu

Message-passing algorithms have emerged as powerful techniques for approximate inference in graphical models. When these algorithms converge, they can be shown to find local (or sometimes even global) optima of variational formulations to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Talya Meltzer , Amir Globerson , Yair Weiss

Modelling long-range dependencies is critical for scene understanding tasks in computer vision. Although convolution neural networks (CNNs) have excelled in many vision tasks, they are still limited in capturing long-range structured…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Li Zhang , Mohan Chen , Anurag Arnab , Xiangyang Xue , Philip H. S. Torr

We propose Scalable Message Passing Neural Networks (SMPNNs) and demonstrate that, by integrating standard convolutional message passing into a Pre-Layer Normalization Transformer-style block instead of attention, we can produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Artem Lukoianov , Anastasis Kratsios , Michael Bronstein , Xiaowen Dong

Message passing neural networks have shown a lot of success on graph-structured data. However, there are many instances where message passing can lead to over-smoothing or fail when neighboring nodes belong to different classes. In this…

Following the success of deep convolutional networks in various vision and speech related tasks, researchers have started investigating generalizations of the well-known technique for graph-structured data. A recently-proposed method called…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-09-21 John Boaz Lee , Ryan A. Rossi , Xiangnan Kong , Sungchul Kim , Eunyee Koh , Anup Rao

Hypergraph representations are both more efficient and better suited to describe data characterized by relations between two or more objects. In this work, we present a new graph neural network based on message passing capable of processing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Sajjad Heydari , Lorenzo Livi

We study local aggregation and graph analysis in distributed environments using the message passing model. We provide a flexible framework, where each of the nodes in a set $S$--which is a subset of all nodes in the network--can perform a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Benjamin Dissler , Stephan Holzer , Roger Wattenhofer