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Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are predominantly tailored for graphs displaying homophily, where similar nodes connect, but often fail on heterophilic graphs. The strategy of adopting distinct approaches to learn from homophilic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Han Lei , Jiaxing Xu , Xia Dong , Yiping Ke

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) extend basic Neural Networks (NNs) by using graph structures based on the relational inductive bias (homophily assumption). While GNNs have been commonly believed to outperform NNs in real-world tasks, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Sitao Luan , Chenqing Hua , Qincheng Lu , Jiaqi Zhu , Mingde Zhao , Shuyuan Zhang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are popular machine learning methods for modeling graph data. A lot of GNNs perform well on homophily graphs while having unsatisfactory performance on heterophily graphs. Recently, some researchers turn their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Wendong Bi , Lun Du , Qiang Fu , Yanlin Wang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Node classification is a classical graph machine learning task on which Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently achieved strong results. However, it is often believed that standard GNNs only work well for homophilous graphs, i.e., graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Oleg Platonov , Denis Kuznedelev , Michael Diskin , Artem Babenko , Liudmila Prokhorenkova

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) extend basic Neural Networks (NNs) by using the graph structures based on the relational inductive bias (homophily assumption). Though GNNs are believed to outperform NNs in real-world tasks, performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Sitao Luan , Chenqing Hua , Qincheng Lu , Jiaqi Zhu , Mingde Zhao , Shuyuan Zhang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs often struggle with heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar features or labels. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruizhong Qiu , Ting-Wei Li , Gaotang Li , Hanghang Tong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become pivotal tools for a range of graph-based learning tasks. Notably, most current GNN architectures operate under the assumption of homophily, whether explicitly or implicitly. While this underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Kun Wang , Guibin Zhang , Xinnan Zhang , Junfeng Fang , Xun Wu , Guohao Li , Shirui Pan , Wei Huang , Yuxuan Liang

While Graph Neural Network (GNN) has shown superiority in learning node representations of homogeneous graphs, leveraging GNN on heterogeneous graphs remains a challenging problem. The dominating reason is that GNN learns node…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ziyue Qiao , Pengyang Wang , Yanjie Fu , Yi Du , Pengfei Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel at analyzing graph-structured data but struggle on heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes often belong to different classes. While this challenge is commonly addressed with specialized GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Harel Mendelman , Haggai Maron , Ronen Talmon

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in various graph-based applications. Most existing GNNs assume strong homophily of graph structure and apply permutation-invariant local aggregation of neighbors to learn a representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tianmeng Yang , Yujing Wang , Zhihan Yue , Yaming Yang , Yunhai Tong , Jing Bai

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received increasing attention for representation learning in various machine learning tasks. However, most existing GNNs applying neighborhood aggregation usually perform poorly on the graph with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Wei Zhuo , Guang Tan

Since heterogeneity presents a fundamental challenge in graph federated learning, many existing methods are proposed to deal with node feature heterogeneity and structure heterogeneity. However, they overlook the critical homophily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Wentao Yu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models whose major advantage is their ability to incorporate a sparse and discrete dependency structure between data points. Unfortunately, GNNs can only be used when such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Luca Franceschi , Mathias Niepert , Massimiliano Pontil , Xiao He

Graph neural networks (GNNs) demonstrate a robust capability for representation learning on graphs with complex structures, showcasing superior performance in various applications. The majority of existing GNNs employ a graph convolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jinlu Wang , Jipeng Guo , Yanfeng Sun , Junbin Gao , Shaofan Wang , Yachao Yang , Baocai Yin

Heterogeneous graphs, comprising diverse node and edge types connected through varied relations, are ubiquitous in real-world applications. Message-passing heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) have emerged as a powerful model class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Junwei Su , Lingjun Mao , Zheng Da , Chuan Wu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used in representation learning on graphs and achieved state-of-the-art performance in tasks such as node classification and link prediction. However, most existing GNNs are designed to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Seongjun Yun , Minbyul Jeong , Raehyun Kim , Jaewoo Kang , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proved powerful in graph-oriented tasks. However, many real-world graphs are heterophilous, challenging the homophily assumption of classical GNNs. To solve the universality problem, many studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Shengbo Gong , Jiajun Zhou , Chenxuan Xie , Qi Xuan

Recent studies on Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) provide both empirical and theoretical evidence supporting their effectiveness in capturing structural patterns on both homophilic and certain heterophilic graphs. Notably, most real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Haitao Mao , Zhikai Chen , Wei Jin , Haoyu Han , Yao Ma , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Jiliang Tang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) struggle to balance heterophily and homophily in representation learning, a challenge further amplified in self-supervised settings. We propose H$^3$GNNs, an end-to-end self-supervised learning framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Rui Xue , Tianfu Wu

Node classification on graphs is a significant task with a wide range of applications, including social analysis and anomaly detection. Even though graph neural networks (GNNs) have produced promising results on this task, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Jingyang Yuan , Xiao Luo , Yifang Qin , Yusheng Zhao , Wei Ju , Ming Zhang