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When large language models are trained on private data, it can be a significant privacy risk for them to memorize and regurgitate sensitive information. In this work, we propose a new practical data extraction attack that we call "neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Ashwinee Panda , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Zhengming Zhang , Yaoqing Yang , Prateek Mittal

Security questions are one of the techniques used to recover passwords. The main limitation of security questions is that users find strong answers difficult to remember. This leads users to trade-off security for the convenience of an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Nicholas Micallef , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

We introduce Pixie, a novel, camera based two factor authentication solution for mobile and wearable devices. A quick and familiar user action of snapping a photo is sufficient for Pixie to simultaneously perform a graphical password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Mozhgan Azimpourkivi , Umut Topkara , Bogdan Carbunar

The use of passwords and the need to protect passwords are not going away. The majority of websites that require authentication continue to support password authentication. Even high-security applications such as Internet Banking portals,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Teik Guan Tan , Pawel Szalachowski , Jianying Zhou

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released new guidelines in June of 2017 that recommended new standards for managing and accepting user passwords. Among the new guidelines is a requirement that verifiers should…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-09 JV Roig

Reusing passwords across multiple websites is a common practice that compromises security. Recently, Blum and Vempala have proposed password strategies to help people calculate, in their heads, passwords for different sites without…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Samira Samadi , Santosh Vempala , Adam Tauman Kalai

In modern technology environments, raising users' privacy awareness is crucial. Existing efforts largely focused on privacy policy presentation and failed to systematically address a radical challenge of user motivation for initiating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Varun Shiri , Maggie Xiong , Jinghui Cheng , Jin L. C. Guo

Phishing is an online fraudulent technique, which aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and online banking details from its victims. To prevent this, anti-phishing education needs to be considered. This research…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-11-06 Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Steve Love , Carsten Maple

In recent years, the attack which leverages register information (e.g. accounts and passwords) leaked from 3rd party applications to try other applications is popular and serious. We call this attack "database collision". Traditionally,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Bo Zhao , Yu Zhou

Passwords are still a mainstay of various security systems, as well as the cause of many usability issues. For end-users, many of these issues have been studied extensively, highlighting problems and informing design decisions for better…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Alena Naiakshina , Anastasia Danilova , Christian Tiefenau , Marco Herzog , Sergej Dechand , Matthew Smith

Sensor-based interactive systems -- e.g., "smart" speakers, webcams, and RFID tags -- allow us to embed computational functionality into physical environments. They also expose users to real and perceived privacy risks: users know that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Youngwook Do , Yuxi Wu , Gregory D. Abowd , Sauvik Das

Password security has been compelled to evolve in response to the growing computational capabilities of modern systems. However, this evolution has often resulted in increasingly complex security practices that alienate users, leading to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tonmoy Ghosh

System passwords serve as critical credentials for user authentication and access control when logging into operating systems or applications. Upon entering a valid password, users pass verification to access system resources and execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chaofang Shi , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Phishing is the simplest form of cybercrime with the objective of baiting people into giving away delicate information such as individually recognizable data, banking and credit card details, or even credentials and passwords. This type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Moitrayee Chatterjee , Akbar Siami Namin

We present a framework by which websites can coordinate to make it difficult for users to set similar passwords at these websites, in an effort to break the culture of password reuse on the web today. Though the design of such a framework…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Ke Coby Wang , Michael K. Reiter

Password updates are a critical account security measure and an essential part of the password lifecycle. Service providers and common security recommendations advise users to update their passwords in response to incidents or as a critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alexander Krause , Jacques Suray , Lea Schmüser , Marten Oltrogge , Oliver Wiese , Maximilian Golla , Sascha Fahl

Users often choose passwords that are easy to remember but also easy to guess by attackers. Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of textual passwords to shoulder surfing and keystroke loggers. It remains a critical challenge in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Mahdi Nasrullah Al-Ameen , S M Taiabul Haque , Matthew Wright

Does the act of writing a specification (how the code should behave) for a piece of security sensitive code lead to developers producing more secure code? We asked 138 developers to write a snippet of code to store a password: Half of them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Joseph Hallett , Nikhil Patnaik , Benjamin Shreeve , Awais Rashid

When using security questions most users still trade-off security for the convenience of memorability. This happens because most users find strong answers to security questions difficult to remember. Previous research in security education…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Nicholas Micallef , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Text-based secrets are still the most commonly used authentication mechanism in information systems. IT managers must strike a balance between security and memorability while developing password policies. Initially introduced as more secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Noopa Jagadeesh , Miguel Vargas Martin