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Related papers: An Introduction to Transformers

200 papers

Image segmentation, a key task in computer vision, has traditionally relied on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), yet these models struggle with capturing complex spatial dependencies, objects with varying scales, need for manually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Deepjyoti Chetia , Debasish Dutta , Sanjib Kr Kalita

Transformers have become the de-facto standard model in artificial intelligence since 2017 despite numerous shortcomings ranging from energy inefficiency to hallucinations. Research has made a lot of progress in improving elements of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Johannes Schneider

Transformer, originally devised for natural language processing, has also attested significant success in computer vision. Thanks to its super expressive power, researchers are investigating ways to deploy transformers to reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Yixin Chen , Dacheng Tao

The field of machine learning has taken a dramatic twist in recent times, with the rise of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These biologically inspired computational models are able to far exceed the performance of previous forms of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-03 Keiron O'Shea , Ryan Nash

Power transformers are critical assets in power networks, whose reliability directly impacts grid resilience and stability. Traditional condition monitoring approaches, often rule-based or purely physics-based, struggle with uncertainty,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jose I. Aizpurua

Transformer-based models have transformed the landscape of natural language processing (NLP) and are increasingly applied to computer vision tasks with remarkable success. These models, renowned for their ability to capture long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Gracile Astlin Pereira , Muhammad Hussain

Transformer networks are the de facto standard architecture in natural language processing. To date, there are no theoretical analyses of the Transformer's ability to capture tree structures. We focus on the ability of Transformer networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Qi He , João Sedoc , Jordan Rodu

This paper investigates the ability of transformer-based models to learn structural recursion from examples. Recursion is a universal concept in both natural and formal languages. Structural recursion is central to the programming language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Dylan Zhang , Curt Tigges , Zory Zhang , Stella Biderman , Maxim Raginsky , Talia Ringer

Neural machine translation is a recently proposed approach to machine translation. Unlike the traditional statistical machine translation, the neural machine translation aims at building a single neural network that can be jointly tuned to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Dzmitry Bahdanau , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

Attention layers, as commonly used in transformers, form the backbone of modern deep learning, yet there is no mathematical description of their benefits and deficiencies as compared with other architectures. In this work we establish both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Clayton Sanford , Daniel Hsu , Matus Telgarsky

Transformers serve as the foundational architecture for large language and video generation models, such as GPT, BERT, SORA and their successors. Empirical studies have demonstrated that real-world data and learning tasks exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhaiming Shen , Alex Havrilla , Rongjie Lai , Alexander Cloninger , Wenjing Liao

The usage of transformers has grown from learning about language semantics to forming meaningful visiolinguistic representations. These architectures are often over-parametrized, requiring large amounts of computation. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Prajjwal Bhargava

Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a data-driven method that uses multiple layers of interconnected units or neurons to learn intricate patterns and representations directly from raw input data. Empowered by this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Mohd Halim Mohd Noor , Ayokunle Olalekan Ige

In this work we introduce KERNELIZED TRANSFORMER, a generic, scalable, data driven framework for learning the kernel function in Transformers. Our framework approximates the Transformer kernel as a dot product between spectral feature maps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Adamos Solomou , Avinava Dubey , Mrinmaya Sachan

In the 1940s, Wiener introduced a linear predictor, where the future prediction is computed by linearly combining the past data. A transformer generalizes this idea: it is a nonlinear predictor where the next-token prediction is computed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Heng-Sheng Chang , Prashant G. Mehta

The success of the transformer architecture in natural language processing has recently triggered attention in the computer vision field. The transformer has been used as a replacement for the widely used convolution operators, due to its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Jean Lahoud , Jiale Cao , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Hisham Cholakkal , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Salman Khan , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Transformers have made significant strides across various artificial intelligence domains, including natural language processing, computer vision, and audio processing. This success has naturally garnered considerable interest from both…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-12 Elyas Rashno , Amir Eskandari , Aman Anand , Farhana Zulkernine

The Transformer architecture has become a dominant choice in many domains, such as natural language processing and computer vision. Yet, it has not achieved competitive performance on popular leaderboards of graph-level prediction compared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Chengxuan Ying , Tianle Cai , Shengjie Luo , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Yanming Shen , Tie-Yan Liu

Deep learning models such as the Transformer are often constructed by heuristics and experience. To provide a complementary foundation, in this work we study the following problem: Is it possible to find an energy function underlying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Yongyi Yang , Zengfeng Huang , David Wipf

Transformers have revolutionized machine learning with their simple yet effective architecture. Pre-training Transformers on massive text datasets from the Internet has led to unmatched generalization for natural language understanding…