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Related papers: An Introduction to Transformers

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Transformers have dominated empirical machine learning models of natural language processing. In this paper, we introduce basic concepts of Transformers and present key techniques that form the recent advances of these models. This includes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Transformers are a neural network architecture originally developed for natural language processing, which have since become a foundational tool for solving a wide range of problems, including text, audio, image processing, reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jordi de la Torre

This document aims to be a self-contained, mathematically precise overview of transformer architectures and algorithms (*not* results). It covers what transformers are, how they are trained, what they are used for, their key architectural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Mary Phuong , Marcus Hutter

We establish connections between the Transformer architecture, originally introduced for natural language processing, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for representation learning on graphs. We show how Transformers can be viewed as message…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Chaitanya K. Joshi

Transformer is a deep neural network that employs a self-attention mechanism to comprehend the contextual relationships within sequential data. Unlike conventional neural networks or updated versions of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Saidul Islam , Hanae Elmekki , Ahmed Elsebai , Jamal Bentahar , Najat Drawel , Gaith Rjoub , Witold Pedrycz

Transformer architecture has widespread applications, particularly in Natural Language Processing and computer vision. Recently Transformers have been employed in various aspects of time-series analysis. This tutorial provides an overview…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Sabeen Ahmed , Ian E. Nielsen , Aakash Tripathi , Shamoon Siddiqui , Ghulam Rasool , Ravi P. Ramachandran

Understanding the transformer architecture and its workings is essential for machine learning (ML) engineers. However, truly understanding the transformer architecture can be demanding, even if you have a solid background in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen

Transformer, first applied to the field of natural language processing, is a type of deep neural network mainly based on the self-attention mechanism. Thanks to its strong representation capabilities, researchers are looking at ways to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Kai Han , Yunhe Wang , Hanting Chen , Xinghao Chen , Jianyuan Guo , Zhenhua Liu , Yehui Tang , An Xiao , Chunjing Xu , Yixing Xu , Zhaohui Yang , Yiman Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Recurrent Neural Networks were, until recently, one of the best ways to capture the timely dependencies in sequences. However, with the introduction of the Transformer, it has been proven that an architecture with only attention-mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev

Transformers have significantly impacted domains like natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics, where they improve performance compared to other neural networks. This survey explores how transformers are used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Pranav Agarwal , Aamer Abdul Rahman , Pierre-Luc St-Charles , Simon J. D. Prince , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Nobody knows how language works, but many theories abound. Transformers are a class of neural networks that process language automatically with more success than alternatives, both those based on neural computations and those that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Felix Hill

Transformer is the state-of-the-art model for many natural language processing, computer vision, and audio analysis problems. Transformer effectively combines information from the past input and output samples in auto-regressive manner so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen

The Transformer is a highly successful deep learning model that has revolutionised the world of artificial neural networks, first in natural language processing and later in computer vision. This model is based on the attention mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Riccardo Ughi , Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo Matteucci

With Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly permeating various aspects of society, including healthcare, the adoption of the Transformers neural network architecture is rapidly changing many applications. Transformer is a type of deep…

Astounding results from Transformer models on natural language tasks have intrigued the vision community to study their application to computer vision problems. Among their salient benefits, Transformers enable modeling long dependencies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Salman Khan , Muzammal Naseer , Munawar Hayat , Syed Waqas Zamir , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Graph transformers are a recent advancement in machine learning, offering a new class of neural network models for graph-structured data. The synergy between transformers and graph learning demonstrates strong performance and versatility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ahsan Shehzad , Feng Xia , Shagufta Abid , Ciyuan Peng , Shuo Yu , Dongyu Zhang , Karin Verspoor

Transformers have revolutionized machine learning, yet their inner workings remain opaque to many. We present Transformer Explainer, an interactive visualization tool designed for non-experts to learn about Transformers through the GPT-2…

We find limits to the Transformer architecture for language modeling and show it has a universal prediction property in an information-theoretic sense. We further analyze performance in non-asymptotic data regimes to understand the role of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Sourya Basu , Moulik Choraria , Lav R. Varshney

The transformer neural network architecture allows for autoregressive sequence-to-sequence modeling through the use of attention layers. It was originally created with the application of machine translation but has revolutionized natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Abhi Kamboj

Transformers have achieved superior performances in many tasks in natural language processing and computer vision, which also triggered great interest in the time series community. Among multiple advantages of Transformers, the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Qingsong Wen , Tian Zhou , Chaoli Zhang , Weiqi Chen , Ziqing Ma , Junchi Yan , Liang Sun
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