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The escalating volume of collected healthcare textual data presents a unique challenge for automated Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC), which is primarily due to the scarcity of annotated texts for training and their nuanced nature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

Partial label learning (PLL) is a typical weakly supervised learning framework, where each training instance is associated with a candidate label set, among which only one label is valid. To solve PLL problems, typically methods try to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Bo-Shi Zou , Ming-Kun Xie , Sheng-Jun Huang

In reality, data often exhibit associations with multiple labels, making multi-label learning (MLL) become a prominent research topic. The last two decades have witnessed the success of MLL, which is indispensable from complete and accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiang Li , Jiexi Liu , Xinrui Wang , Songcan Chen

Label noise in multi-label learning (MLL) poses significant challenges for model training, particularly in partial multi-label learning (PML) where candidate labels contain both relevant and irrelevant labels. While clustering offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yu Chen , Weijun Lv , Yue Huang , Xuhuan Zhu , Fang Li

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is a weakly supervised paradigm where instances are labeled with classes they do not belong to. Despite a decade of research, CLL methods remain competitive mainly on 10-class classification, with scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tan-Ha Mai , Chao-Kai Chiang , Han-Hwa Shih , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Neural Networks can perform poorly when the training label distribution is heavily imbalanced, as well as when the testing data differs from the training distribution. In order to deal with shift in the testing label distribution, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Junjiao Tian , Yen-Cheng Liu , Nathan Glaser , Yen-Chang Hsu , Zsolt Kira

Complementary-label Learning (CLL) is a form of weakly supervised learning that trains an ordinary classifier using only complementary labels, which are the classes that certain instances do not belong to. While existing CLL studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Wei-I Lin , Gang Niu , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama

Partial-label learning (PLL) generally focuses on inducing a noise-tolerant multi-class classifier by training on overly-annotated samples, each of which is annotated with a set of labels, but only one is the valid label. A basic promise of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Yunfeng Zhao , Guoxian Yu , Lei Liu , Zhongmin Yan , Lizhen Cui , Carlotta Domeniconi

Graph classification, aiming at learning the graph-level representations for effective class assignments, has received outstanding achievements, which heavily relies on high-quality datasets that have balanced class distribution. In fact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Siyu Yi , Zhengyang Mao , Wei Ju , Yongdao Zhou , Luchen Liu , Xiao Luo , Ming Zhang

Deep learning has made many remarkable achievements in many fields but suffers from noisy labels in datasets. The state-of-the-art learning with noisy label method Co-teaching and Co-teaching+ confronts the noisy label by mutual-information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Jiarun Liu , Daguang Jiang , Yukun Yang , Ruirui Li

The imbalance (or long-tail) is the nature of many real-world data distributions, which often induces the undesirable bias of deep classification models toward frequent classes, resulting in poor performance for tail classes. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fudong Lin , Xu Yuan

The goal in extreme multi-label classification is to learn a classifier which can assign a small subset of relevant labels to an instance from an extremely large set of target labels. Datasets in extreme classification exhibit a long tail…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-06 Rohit Babbar , Bernhard Schölkopf

Multi-task learning (MTL) is useful for domains in which data originates from multiple sources that are individually under-sampled. MTL methods are able to learn classification models that have higher performance as compared to learning a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Bilal Ahmed , Thomas Thesen , Karen E. Blackmon , Ruben Kuzniecky , Orrin Devinsky , Jennifer G. Dy , Carla E. Brodley

Meta-learning is an effective method to handle imbalanced and noisy-label learning, but it depends on a validation set containing randomly selected, manually labelled and balanced distributed samples. The random selection and manual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Dung Anh Hoang , Cuong Nguyen , Belagiannis Vasileios , Thanh-Toan Do , Gustavo Carneiro

Balancing performance trade-off on long-tail (LT) data distributions remains a long-standing challenge. In this paper, we posit that this dilemma stems from a phenomenon called "tail performance degradation" (the model tends to severely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shenghan Chen , Yiming Liu , Yanzhen Wang , Yujia Wang , Xiankai Lu

Recently computer-aided diagnosis has demonstrated promising performance, effectively alleviating the workload of clinicians. However, the inherent sample imbalance among different diseases leads algorithms biased to the majority…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Li Pan , Yupei Zhang , Qiushi Yang , Tan Li , Zhen Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful zero- and few-shot learners. However, when predicting over a set of candidate options, LLMs suffer from label biases, and existing calibration methods overlook biases arising from multi-token class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Mario Sanz-Guerrero , Katharina von der Wense

Real-world data often follow a long-tailed distribution with a high imbalance in the number of samples between classes. The problem with training from imbalanced data is that some background features, common to all classes, can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Sanglee Park , Seung-won Hwang , Jungmin So

Complementary-Label Learning (CLL) is a weakly-supervised learning problem that aims to learn a multi-class classifier from only complementary labels, which indicate a class to which an instance does not belong. Existing approaches mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Class imbalance is an inherent characteristic of multi-label data that hinders most multi-label learning methods. One efficient and flexible strategy to deal with this problem is to employ sampling techniques before training a multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Bin Liu , Konstantinos Blekas , Grigorios Tsoumakas