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In human-AI collaboration, a central challenge is deciding whether the AI should handle a task, be deferred to a human expert, or be addressed through collaborative effort. Existing Learning to Defer approaches typically make binary choices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chengbo He , Bochao Zou , Junliang Xing , Jiansheng Chen , Yuanchun Shi , Huimin Ma

Concept bottleneck models (CBM) aim to produce inherently interpretable models that rely on human-understandable concepts for their predictions. However, existing approaches to design interpretable generative models based on CBMs are not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Akshay Kulkarni , Ge Yan , Chung-En Sun , Tuomas Oikarinen , Tsui-Wei Weng

Deep learning has advanced NLP, but interpretability remains limited, especially in healthcare and finance. Concept bottleneck models tie predictions to human concepts in vision, but NLP versions either use binary activations that harm text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yibo Yang

We present a deformable prototypical part network (Deformable ProtoPNet), an interpretable image classifier that integrates the power of deep learning and the interpretability of case-based reasoning. This model classifies input images by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Jon Donnelly , Alina Jade Barnett , Chaofan Chen

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs), which predict human-interpretable concepts (e.g., nucleus shapes in cell images) before predicting the final output (e.g., cell type), provide insights into the decision-making processes of the model.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Winnie Pang , Xueyi Ke , Satoshi Tsutsui , Bihan Wen

Machine learning accelerates molecular property prediction, yet state-of-the-art Large Language Models and Graph Neural Networks operate as black boxes. In drug discovery, where safety is critical, this opacity risks masking false…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Oscar Rivera , Ziqing Wang , Matthieu Dagommer , Abhishek Pandey , Kaize Ding

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained considerable traction for their capability to effectively process topological data, yet their interpretability remains a critical concern. Current interpretation methods are dominated by post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Jiahua Rao , Jiancong Xie , Hanjing Lin , Shuangjia Zheng , Zhen Wang , Yuedong Yang

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) are inherently interpretable and intervenable neural network models, which explain their final label prediction by the intermediate prediction of high-level semantic concepts. However, they require target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Kosuke Nishida , Daiki Chijiwa , Yasutoshi Ida

Unbiased representation learning is still an object of study under specific applications and contexts. Novel architectures are usually crafted to resolve particular problems using mixtures of fundamental pieces. This paper presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Pablo Rivas , Gisela Bichler , Tomas Cerny , Laurie Giddens , Stacie Petter

Current deep learning models are not designed to simultaneously address three fundamental questions: predict class labels to solve a given classification task (the "What?"), simulate changes in the situation to evaluate how this impacts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Gabriele Dominici , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Martin Gjoreski , Giuseppe Marra , Marc Langheinrich

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) promote interpretability by grounding predictions in human-understandable concepts. However, existing CBMs typically fix their task predictor to a single linear or Boolean expression, limiting both…

Concept-based interpretability for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) aims to align internal model representations with high-level semantic concepts, but existing approaches largely overlook the semantic roles of individual filters and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xinyu Mu , Hui Dou , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) are interpretable neural networks that first predict labels for human-interpretable concepts relevant to the prediction task, and then predict the final label based on the concept label predictions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Kushal Chauhan , Rishabh Tiwari , Jan Freyberg , Pradeep Shenoy , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham

Interpreting the decision logic behind effective deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) on images complements the success of deep learning models. However, the existing methods can only interpret some specific decision logic on individual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Peter Cho-Ho Lam , Lingyang Chu , Maxim Torgonskiy , Jian Pei , Yong Zhang , Lanjun Wang

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) are a class of interpretable neural network models that predict the target response of a given input based on its high-level concepts. Unlike the standard end-to-end models, CBMs enable domain experts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sungbin Shin , Yohan Jo , Sungsoo Ahn , Namhoon Lee

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) are inherently interpretable models that factor model decisions into human-readable concepts. They allow people to easily understand why a model is failing, a critical feature for high-stakes applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Yue Yang , Artemis Panagopoulou , Shenghao Zhou , Daniel Jin , Chris Callison-Burch , Mark Yatskar

Recent advancements in post-hoc and inherently interpretable methods have markedly enhanced the explanations of black box classifier models. These methods operate either through post-analysis or by integrating concept learning during model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Bor-Shiun Wang , Chien-Yi Wang , Wei-Chen Chiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been successfully used in many natural-language tasks and applications including text generation and AI chatbots. They also are a promising new technology for concept-oriented deep learning (CODL). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Daniel T. Chang

The information bottleneck principle provides an information-theoretic method for representation learning, by training an encoder to retain all information which is relevant for predicting the label while minimizing the amount of other,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Marco Federici , Anjan Dutta , Patrick Forré , Nate Kushman , Zeynep Akata

Many text classification applications require models with satisfying performance as well as good interpretability. Traditional machine learning methods are easy to interpret but have low accuracies. The development of deep learning models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Zhengyang Wang , Xia Hu , Shuiwang Ji