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Transformers have become the foundation of numerous state-of-the-art AI models across diverse domains, thanks to their powerful attention mechanism for modeling long-range dependencies. However, the quadratic scaling complexity of attention…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhenkun Fan , Zishen Wan , Che-Kai Liu , Ashwin Sanjay Lele , Win-San Khwa , Bo Zhang , Meng-Fan Chang , Arijit Raychowdhury

Deep learning-based website fingerprinting has emerged as an effective technique for inferring the websites users visit. Although existing methods achieve strong performance on closed-world datasets, they often fail to generalize to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Youquan Xian , Xueying Zeng , Lingjia Meng , Lei Cui , Runhan Song , Wei Wang , Zhengquan Ding , Peng Liu , Zhiyu Hao

This paper addresses unsupervised domain adaptation, the setting where labeled training data is available on a source domain, but the goal is to have good performance on a target domain with only unlabeled data. Like much of previous work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Yu Sun , Eric Tzeng , Trevor Darrell , Alexei A. Efros

Continual Test-time adaptation (CTTA) continuously adapts the deployed model on every incoming batch of data. While achieving optimal accuracy, existing CTTA approaches present poor real-world applicability on resource-constrained edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiao Ma , Young D. Kwon , Dong Ma

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt pre-trained models to the target domain during testing. In reality, this adaptability can be influenced by multiple factors. Researchers have identified various challenging scenarios and developed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Jiayi Guo , Yizeng Han , Jie Zhou , Gao Huang

Source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) aims to adapt a well-trained source model to an unlabelled target domain without accessing the source dataset, making it applicable in a variety of real-world scenarios. Existing SFDA methods ONLY assess…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Longxiang Tang , Kai Li , Chunming He , Yulun Zhang , Xiu Li

We propose a simple but effective source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) method. Treating SFDA as an unsupervised clustering problem and following the intuition that local neighbors in feature space should have more similar predictions than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Shiqi Yang , Yaxing Wang , Kai Wang , Shangling Jui , Joost van de Weijer

Real-world vision models in dynamic environments face rapid shifts in domain distributions, leading to decreased recognition performance. Using unlabeled test data, continuous test-time adaptation (CTTA) directly adjusts a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Baoming Zhang , Yunhui Guo

We propose a method for test-time adaptation of pretrained depth completion models. Depth completion models, trained on some ``source'' data, often predict erroneous outputs when transferred to ``target'' data captured in novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Younjoon Chung , Hyoungseob Park , Patrick Rim , Xiaoran Zhang , Jihe He , Ziyao Zeng , Safa Cicek , Byung-Woo Hong , James S. Duncan , Alex Wong

In this paper, we investigate a challenging unsupervised domain adaptation setting -- unsupervised model adaptation. We aim to explore how to rely only on unlabeled target data to improve performance of an existing source prediction model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Rui Li , Qianfen Jiao , Wenming Cao , Hau-San Wong , Si Wu

In real-world applications, there is often a domain shift from training to test data. This observation resulted in the development of test-time adaptation (TTA). It aims to adapt a pre-trained source model to the test data without requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Pascal Schlachter , Bin Yang

Deep Neural Networks have spearheaded remarkable advancements in time series forecasting (TSF), one of the major tasks in time series modeling. Nonetheless, the non-stationarity of time series undermines the reliability of pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 HyunGi Kim , Siwon Kim , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

Test Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses the problem of distribution shift by adapting a pretrained model to a new domain during inference. When faced with challenging shifts, most methods collapse and perform worse than the original pretrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sabyasachi Sahoo , Mostafa ElAraby , Jonas Ngnawe , Yann Pequignot , Frederic Precioso , Christian Gagne

The growing need to test systems post-release has led to extending testing activities into production environments, where uncertainty and dynamic conditions pose significant challenges. Field testing approaches, especially Self-Adaptive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Samira Silva , Ricardo Caldas , Patrizio Pelliccione , Antonia Bertolino

Domain adaptation has been widely explored by transferring the knowledge from a label-rich source domain to a related but unlabeled target domain. Most existing domain adaptation algorithms attend to adapting feature representations across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Shuang Li , Mixue Xie , Kaixiong Gong , Chi Harold Liu , Yulin Wang , Wei Li

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adapting a classifier for the test data when the probability distribution of the test data slightly differs from that of the training data of the model. To the best of our knowledge, most of the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Sravan Danda , Aditya Challa , Shlok Mehendale , Snehanshu Saha

The generalization capability of unsupervised domain adaptation can mitigate the need for extensive pixel-level annotations to train semantic segmentation networks by training models on synthetic data as a source with computer-generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Hye-Seong Hong , Abhishek Kumar , Dong-Gyu Lee

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) is proposed to migrate a source pre-trained model to continually changing target distributions, addressing real-world dynamism. Existing CTTA methods mainly rely on entropy minimization or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jiaming Liu , Ran Xu , Senqiao Yang , Renrui Zhang , Qizhe Zhang , Zehui Chen , Yandong Guo , Shanghang Zhang

We present a novel method, SALAD, for the challenging vision task of adapting a pre-trained "source" domain network to a "target" domain, with a small budget for annotation in the "target" domain and a shift in the label space. Further, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Divya Kothandaraman , Sumit Shekhar , Abhilasha Sancheti , Manoj Ghuhan , Tripti Shukla , Dinesh Manocha

The objective of Continual Test-time Domain Adaptation (CTDA) is to gradually adapt a pre-trained model to a sequence of target domains without accessing the source data. This paper proposes a Dynamic Sample Selection (DSS) method for CTDA.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yanshuo Wang , Jie Hong , Ali Cheraghian , Shafin Rahman , David Ahmedt-Aristizabal , Lars Petersson , Mehrtash Harandi