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Quantum computing is a promising technology to address combinatorial optimization problems, for example via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Its potential, however, hinges on scaling toy problems to sizes relevant for…

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the popular quantum algorithms that are used to solve combinatorial optimization problems via approximations. QAOA is able to be evaluated on both physical and virtual quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 Yu-Cheng Lin , Chuan-Chi Wang , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most often-used NP-Hard problems in computer science to study the effectiveness of computing models and hardware platforms. In this regard, it is also heavily used as a vehicle to study the…

Quantum variational algorithms have garnered significant interest recently, due to their feasibility of being implemented and tested on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We examine the robustness of the quantum approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Yulong Dong , Xiang Meng , Lin Lin , Robert Kosut , K. Birgitta Whaley

Analytical and practical evidence indicates the advantage of quantum computing solutions over classical alternatives. Quantum-based heuristics relying on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Sarthak Gupta , Vassilis Kekatos

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the canonical algorithms designed to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. It is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Ping Zou

One of the most well-known problems in transportation and logistics is the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). It involves optimizing a set of truck routes to service a set of customers, subject to limits on truck capacity, to…

We present a two-level decomposition strategy for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) using the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm. A Problem-Level Decomposition partitions a 13-node (156-qubit) VRP into smaller Traveling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Andrew Maciejunes , John Stenger , Dan Gunlycke , Nikos Chrisochoides

Quantum optimization holds promise for addressing classically intractable combinatorial problems, yet a standardized framework for benchmarking its performance, particularly in terms of solution quality, computational speed, and scalability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a core NP-hard problem in the field of combinatorial optimization. It aims to plan optimal routes for a fleet of vehicles with uniform capacity, serving a set of customers with specific…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yongyu Chen

Quantum optimization allows for up to exponential quantum speedups for specific, possibly industrially relevant problems. As the key algorithm in this field, we motivate and discuss the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jonas Stein , Maximilian Zorn , Leo Sünkel , Thomas Gabor

Quantum computing is an emerging field on the multidisciplinary interface between physics, engineering, and computer science with the potential to make a large impact on computational intelligence (CI). The aim of this paper is to introduce…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising variational quantum algorithm for addressing NP hard combinatorial optimization problems. However, a significant limitation lies in optimizing its classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-22 Peter Gleißner , Georg Kruse , Andreas Roßkopf

Quantum enhanced optimization of classical cost functions is a central theme of quantum computing due to its high potential value in science and technology. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Giuseppe Scriva , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Sebastiano Pilati , Guglielmo Mazzola

Applying near-term variational quantum algorithms to the problem of dynamic satellite network routing represents a promising direction for quantum computing. In this work, we provide a critical evaluation of two major approaches: static…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Phuc Hao Do , Tran Duc Le

This paper investigates the performance of the emerging non-variational Quantum Walk-based Optimisation Algorithm (NV-QWOA) for solving small instances of the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). NV-QWOA is benchmarked against classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Andrew Freeland , Jingbo Wang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is an algorithmic framework for finding approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems, derived from an approximation to the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm (QAA). In solving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-05 Yue Ruan , Samuel Marsh , Xilin Xue , Xi Li , Zhihao Liu , Jingbo Wang

Quantum computing is a computational paradigm with the potential to outperform classical methods for a variety of problems. Proposed recently, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is considered as one of the leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Sami Khairy , Ruslan Shaydulin , Lukasz Cincio , Yuri Alexeev , Prasanna Balaprakash

In our pursuit of quantum supremacy during the NISQ era, this research introduces a novel approach rooted in the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) framework to address the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). By strategically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Mehdi Ramezani , Sadegh Salami , Mehdi Shokhmkar , Morteza Moradi , Alireza Bahrampour

Quantum annealing (QA) is a heuristic search algorithm that can run on Adiabatic Quantum Computation (AQC) processors to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Although theoretical studies and simulations on classic hardware have shown…