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We propose a practical decoy state method with heralded single photon source for quantum key distribution (QKD). In the protocol, 3 intensities are used and one can estimate the fraction of single-photon counts. The final key rate over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Qin Wang , Xiang-Bin Wang , Guang-Can Guo

Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) protocol achieves performance beyond the repeaterless rate-transmittance bound and exhibits excellent practicality by avoiding the requirement for difficult global phase locking. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Yuewei Xu , Zeyang Lu , Chan Li , Jian Long , Zhu Cao

Typically practical realizations of discrete-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, based on exchanging single-photon signals between the trusted parties, can provide its users with only very low key generation rates. One of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Indranil Maiti , Mikołaj Lasota

In this paper, we consider the decoy-state Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) with four intensities. The average value of successful events and bit errors among the pulse pair set be used to investigate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-28 Su-Tong Shi , Fen-Zhuo Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) stands as a pioneering method for establishing information-theoretically secure communication channels by utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics. In the security proof of QKD, the phase error rate…

We propose here a method of passive state preparation for quantum key distribution with phase encoding based on the measurement of the phase difference between pulses of a gain-switched laser. The features of the optical scheme of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Roman Shakhovoy

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows unconditionally secure communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics rather then assumptions about computational hardness. Optimizing the operation parameters of a given QKD implementation is…

There has been much interest in quantum key distribution. Experimentally, quantum key distribution over 150 km of commercial Telecom fibers has been successfully performed. The crucial issue in quantum key distribution is its security.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma , Kai Chen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) takes advantage of fundamental properties of quantum physics to allow two distant parties to share a secret key; however, QKD is hampered by a distance limitation of a few hundred kilometers on earth. The most…

State-of-the-art Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is based on the uncertainty principle of qubits on quantum measurements and is theoretically proven to be unconditionally secure. Over the past three decades, QKD has been explored with single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-16 Randy Kuang , Nicolas Bettenburg

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically offers information-theoretic security. The prevailing approach is the prepare-and-measure BB84 protocol, which implements QKD using conventional laser rather than single-photon source via the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Rong-Zheng Liu , Hua-Lei Yin

Passive decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, proven to be more desirable than active ones in some scenarios, also have the problem of device imperfections like intensity fluctuations. In this paper the formular of key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Yuan Li , Wan-su Bao , Hong-wei Li , Chun Zhou , Yang Wang

We analyze realistic vulnerabilities of decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) arising from the combination of laser damage attack (LDA) and unambiguous state discrimination (USD). While decoy-state QKD is designed to protect against…

Quantum key distribution(QKD) allows two remote parties to share information-theoretic secret keys. Many QKD protocols assume the phase of encoding state can be continuous randomized from 0 to 2 pi, which, however, may be questionable in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Rui Qiang Wang , Zhen Qiang yin , Rong Wang , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Guang can Guo , Zhen fu Han

In this paper, we propose to use the decoy-state technique to improve the security of the quantum key distribution (QKD) systems based on homodyne detection against the photon number splitting (PNS) attack. The decoy-state technique is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-28 S. Hamed Shams Mousavi , Philippe Gallion

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security. In practice, however, it does not due to the discrepancies between the assumptions used in the security proofs and the behaviour of the real apparatuses.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Margarida Pereira , Go Kato , Akihiro Mizutani , Marcos Curty , Kiyoshi Tamaki

A novel protocol - measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) - removes all attacks from the detection system, the most vulnerable part in QKD implementations. In this paper, we present an analysis for practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-14 Feihu Xu , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Since the introduction of the decoy-state technique, phase-randomised weak coherent light pulses have been the key to increase the practicality of quantum-based communications. Their ultra-fast generation was accomplished via compact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-09 Z. L. Yuan , M. Lucamarini , J. F. Dynes , B. Frohlich , M. B. Ward , A. J. Shields

Quantum key distribution is a way to distribute secret keys to distant users with information theoretic security and key rates suitable for real-world applications. Its rate-distance figure, however, is limited by the natural loss of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Wenyuan Wang , Marco Lucamarini

We show how to calculate the secure final key rate in the four-intensity decoy-state MDI-QKD protocol with both source errors and statistical fluctuations with a certain failure probability. Our results rely only on the range of only a few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-01 Cong Jiang , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang
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