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The Clustered Traveling Salesman Problem (CTSP) is a variant of the popular Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) arising from a number of real-life applications. In this work, we explore a transformation approach that solves the CTSP by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yongliang Lu , Jin-Kao Hao , Qinghua Wu

This paper presents a novel and efficient heuristic framework for approximating the solutions to the multiple traveling salesmen problem (m-TSP) and other variants on the TSP. The approach adopted in this paper is an extension of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-15 Mayank Baranwal , Brian Roehl , Srinivasa M. Salapaka

We propose a manager-worker framework based on deep reinforcement learning to tackle a hard yet nontrivial variant of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), \ie~multiple-vehicle TSP with time window and rejections (mTSPTWR), where customers who…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Rongkai Zhang , Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Puay Siew Tan , Jie Zhang , Bihan Wen , Justin Dauwels

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization task with numerous practical applications. Classic heuristic solvers can attain near-optimal performance for small problem instances, but become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Michael Li , Eric Bae , Christopher Haberland , Natasha Jaques

This paper introduces a new learning-based approach for approximately solving the Travelling Salesman Problem on 2D Euclidean graphs. We use deep Graph Convolutional Networks to build efficient TSP graph representations and output tours in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Thomas Laurent , Xavier Bresson

This paper considers a Min-Max Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP), where the goal is to find a set of tours, one for each agent, to collectively visit all the cities while minimizing the length of the longest tour. Though MTSP has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yifan Guo , Zhongqiang Ren , Chen Wang

Multiple-TSP, also abbreviated in the literature as mTSP, is an extension of the Traveling Salesman Problem that lies at the core of many variants of the Vehicle Routing problem of great practical importance. The current paper develops and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Vlad-Ioan Lupoaie , Ivona-Alexandra Chili , Mihaela Elena Breaban , Madalina Raschip

This work presents a tensor-network formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and several of its variants. The approach represents candidate tours with tensor-network layers, weights them by Boltzmann factors, and enforces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Alejandro Mata Ali , Iñigo Perez Delgado , Aitor Moreno Fdez. de Leceta

Most neural solvers for the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) are trained to output a single solution, even though practitioners rarely stop there: at test time, they routinely spend extra compute on sampling or post-hoc search. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), as a classic routing optimization problem originally arising in the domain of transportation and logistics, has become a critical task in broader domains, such as manufacturing and biology. Recently, Deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yan Jin , Yuandong Ding , Xuanhao Pan , Kun He , Li Zhao , Tao Qin , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

The Travelling Salesman Problem - TSP is one of the most explored problems in the scientific literature to solve real problems regarding the economy, transportation, and logistics, to cite a few cases. Adapting TSP to solve different…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Carlos Alberto da Silva Junior , Roberto Yuji Tanaka , Luiz Carlos Farias da Silva , Angelo Passaro

We study GCS-TSP, a new variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) defined over a Graph of Convex Sets (GCS) -- a powerful representation for trajectory planning that decomposes the configuration space into convex regions connected by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jingtao Tang , Hang Ma

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most representative NP-hard problems in route planning and a long-standing benchmark in combinatorial optimization. Traditional heuristic tour constructors, such as Farthest or Nearest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wei Huang , Hanchen Wang , Dong Wen , Wenjie Zhang

In this work we introduce an evolutionary strategy to solve combinatorial optimization tasks, i.e. problems characterized by a discrete search space. In particular, we focus on the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), i.e. a famous problem…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-08-05 Marco Alberto Javarone

Meta-heuristics are frequently used to tackle NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. With this paper we contribute to the understanding of the success of 2-opt based local search algorithms for solving the traveling salesman problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-14 Olaf Mersmann , Bernd Bischl , Heike Trautmann , Markus Wagner , Frank Neumann

We present a benchmark set for Traveling salesman problem (TSP) with characteristics that are different from the existing benchmark sets. In particular, we focus on small instances which prove to be challenging for one or more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Pouya Baniasadi , Vladimir Ejov , Michael Haythorpe , Serguei Rossomakhine

The multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem (mTSP) is a general extension of the famous NP-hard Traveling Salesmen Problem (TSP), that there are m (m > 1) salesmen to visit the cities. In this paper, we address the mTSP with both the minsum…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jiongzhi Zheng , Yawei Hong , Wenchang Xu , Wentao Li , Yongfu Chen

This paper proposes a dual divide-and-optimize algorithm (DualOpt) for solving the large-scale traveling salesman problem (TSP). DualOpt combines two complementary strategies to improve both solution quality and computational efficiency.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Shipei Zhou , Yuandong Ding , Chi Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Yan Jin

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a list of cities and the distances between them are given. The goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the original city. The TSP has a wide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Johnny Seay , Edwin Gonzalez , Stephen Lowe , Jesse Crawford , Bryant Wyatt

The Multi-Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is a commonly used mathematical model for multi-agent task allocation. However, as the number of agents and task targets increases, existing optimization-based methods often incur prohibitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Xiubin Chen