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The Second Language Acquisition field has been significantly impacted by a greater emphasis on individualized learning and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI). Although increasingly adaptive language learning tools are being…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Jin Ha Woo , Heeyoul Choi

We use language to communicate our thoughts. But is language merely the expression of thoughts, which are themselves produced by other, nonlinguistic parts of our minds? Or does language play a more transformative role in human cognition,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Gary Lupyan , Hunter Gentry , Martin Zettersten

Language is a cornerstone of cultural identity, yet globalization and the dominance of major languages have placed nearly 3,000 languages at risk of extinction. Existing AI-driven translation models prioritize efficiency but often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mahfuz Ahmed Anik , Abdur Rahman , Azmine Toushik Wasi , Md Manjurul Ahsan

The field of emergent language represents a novel area of research within the domain of artificial intelligence, particularly within the context of multi-agent reinforcement learning. Although the concept of studying language emergence is…

Cultural diversity encoded within languages of the world is at risk, as many languages have become endangered in the last decades in a context of growing globalization. To preserve this diversity, it is first necessary to understand what…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-10-10 Thomas Louf , David Sanchez , Jose J. Ramasco

How can large language models (LLMs) process and translate endangered languages? Many languages lack a large corpus to train a decent LLM; therefore existing LLMs rarely perform well in unseen, endangered languages. On the contrary, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Kexun Zhang , Yee Man Choi , Zhenqiao Song , Taiqi He , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

For the longest time, languages have been competing for their speakers to survive, although this problem has only recently gained rigorous attention from the scholarly community as a means to address the risk of losing speakers for the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Chami Kariyapperuma , Kushani De Silva

Propinquity between Australian Indigenous communities' social structures and ICT purposed for cultural preservation is a modern area of research; historically hindered by the "digital divide" thus limiting plentiful literature and existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Sarah Van Der Meer , Stephen Smith , Vincent Pang

The users of endangered languages struggle to thrive in a digitally-mediated world. We have developed an automated method for assessing how well every language recognized by ISO 639 is faring in terms of digital language support. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Gary F. Simons , Abbey L. Thomas , Chad K. White

We present a survey covering the state of the art in low-resource machine translation research. There are currently around 7000 languages spoken in the world and almost all language pairs lack significant resources for training machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Barry Haddow , Rachel Bawden , Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone , Jindřich Helcl , Alexandra Birch

In the present paper, we will present a survey of the language resources and technologies available for the non-scheduled and endangered languages of India. While there have been different estimates from different sources about the number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Ritesh Kumar , Bornini Lahiri

Despite advances in large language model capabilities in recent years, a large gap remains in their capabilities and safety performance for many languages beyond a relatively small handful of globally dominant languages. This paper provides…

Providing better language tools for low-resource and endangered languages is imperative for equitable growth. Recent progress with massively multilingual pretrained models has proven surprisingly effective at performing zero-shot transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Louis Clouâtre , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Amal Zouaq , Sarath Chandar

A vast majority of the world's 7,000 spoken languages are predicted to become extinct within this century, including the endangered language of Ladin from the Italian Alps. Linguists who work to preserve a language's phonetic and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-31 Zane Durante , Leena Mathur , Eric Ye , Sichong Zhao , Tejas Ramdas , Khalil Iskarous

Endangered languages, such as Navajo - the most widely spoken Native American language - are significantly underrepresented in contemporary language technologies, exacerbating the challenges of their preservation and revitalization. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Ivory Yang , Weicheng Ma , Chunhui Zhang , Soroush Vosoughi

This paper focuses on AI tutors in foreign language learning, a field of application of AI tutors with great development, especially during the last years, when great advances in natural language understanding and processing in real time,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Nikolaos Avouris

Expanding the language coverage of speech technology has the potential to improve access to information for many more people. However, current speech technology is restricted to about one hundred languages which is a small fraction of the…

While natural language processing tools have been developed extensively for some of the world's languages, a significant portion of the world's over 7000 languages are still neglected. One reason for this is that evaluation datasets do not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chunlan Ma , Ayyoob ImaniGooghari , Haotian Ye , Renhao Pei , Ehsaneddin Asgari , Hinrich Schütze

Generative AI offers significant opportunities for language learning. Tools like ChatGPT can provide informal second language practice through chats in written or voice forms, with the learner specifying through prompts conversational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Robert Godwin-Jones

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undoubtedly received significant attention in recent years. AI is being adopted to provide solutions to problems in fields such as medicine, engineering, education, government and several other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Emmanuel Adetiba , Temitope John , Adekunle Akinrinmade , Funmilayo Moninuola , Oladipupo Akintade , Joke Badejo