Related papers: Coarse race data conceals disparities in clinical …

The new era of large-scale data collection and analysis presents an opportunity for diagnosing and understanding the causes of health inequities. In this study, we describe a framework for systematically analyzing health disparities using…

Until recently, there has been a consensus that clinicians should condition patient risk assessments on all observed patient covariates with predictive power. The broad idea is that knowing more about patients enables more accurate…

In this study, we introduce the application of causal disparity analysis to unveil intricate relationships and causal pathways between sensitive attributes and the targeted outcomes within real-world observational data. Our methodology…

Scientific evidence confirm that significant racial disparities exist in healthcare, including surgery outcomes. However, the causal pathway underlying disparities at preoperative physical condition of children is not well-understood. This…

Clinical notes are becoming an increasingly important data source for machine learning (ML) applications in healthcare. Prior research has shown that deploying ML models can perpetuate existing biases against racial minorities, as bias can…

Anonymized electronic medical records are an increasingly popular source of research data. However, these datasets often lack race and ethnicity information. This creates problems for researchers modeling human disease, as race and…

Background: In medical imaging, prior studies have demonstrated disparate AI performance by race, yet there is no known correlation for race on medical imaging that would be obvious to the human expert interpreting the images. Methods:…

Machine learning in medicine leverages the wealth of healthcare data to extract knowledge, facilitate clinical decision-making, and ultimately improve care delivery. However, ML models trained on datasets that lack demographic diversity…

Face recognition algorithms, when used in the real world, can be very useful, but they can also be dangerous when biased toward certain demographics. So, it is essential to understand how these algorithms are trained and what factors affect…

Healthcare quality metrics refer to a variety of measures used to characterize what should have been done or not done for a patient or the health consequences of what was or was not done. When estimating healthcare quality, many metrics are…

Research documents that Black patients experience worse general surgery outcomes than white patients in the United States. In this paper, we focus on an important but less-examined category: the surgical treatment of emergency general…

Performance uncertainty quantification is essential for reliable validation and eventual clinical translation of medical imaging artificial intelligence (AI). Confidence intervals (CIs) play a central role in this process by indicating how…

In computer vision there has been significant research interest in assessing potential demographic bias in deep learning models. One of the main causes of such bias is imbalance in the training data. In medical imaging, where the potential…

There are established racial disparities in healthcare, including during end-of-life care, when poor communication and trust can lead to suboptimal outcomes for patients and their families. In this work, we find that racial disparities…

Disparities in access to healthcare have been well-documented in the United States, but their effects on electronic health record (EHR) data reliability and resulting clinical models are poorly understood. Using an All of Us dataset of…

Algorithms and technologies are essential tools that pervade all aspects of our daily lives. In the last decades, health care research benefited from new computer-based recruiting methods, the use of federated architectures for data…

Cardiovascular outcome trials commonly face competing risks when non-CV death prevents observation of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). While Cox proportional hazards models treat competing events as independent censoring,…

The subject of "fairness" in artificial intelligence (AI) refers to assessing AI algorithms for potential bias based on demographic characteristics such as race and gender, and the development of algorithms to address this bias. Most…

The use of machine learning to guide clinical decision making has the potential to worsen existing health disparities. Several recent works frame the problem as that of algorithmic fairness, a framework that has attracted considerable…

The increased availability of medical data has significantly impacted healthcare by enabling the application of machine / deep learning approaches in various instances. However, medical datasets are usually small and scattered across…