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Classification and probability estimation are fundamental tasks with broad applications across modern machine learning and data science, spanning fields such as biology, medicine, engineering, and computer science. Recent development of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-25 Liyun Zeng , Hao Helen Zhang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) arises in practice when labeled data are scarce or expensive to obtain, while large quantities of unlabeled data are readily available. With the growing adoption of machine learning techniques, it has become…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jiawei Shan , Zhifeng Chen , Yiming Dong , Yazhen Wang , Jiwei Zhao

Current 3D semi-supervised segmentation methods face significant challenges such as limited consideration of contextual information and the inability to generate reliable pseudo-labels for effective unsupervised data use. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Reza Azad , Yury Velichko , Ulas Bagci , Dorit Merhof

Spectral clustering (SC) and graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms are sensitive to how graphs are constructed from data. In particular if the data has proximal and unbalanced clusters these algorithms can lead to poor…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-02-22 Jing Qian , Venkatesh Saligrama

We present a methodology for using unlabeled data to design semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods that improve the predictive performance of supervised learning for regression tasks. The main idea is to design different mechanisms for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 Oren Yuval , Saharon Rosset

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSS) is an important task that utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data to reduce expenses on labeling training examples. However, the effectiveness of SSS algorithms is limited by the difficulty of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Zhibo Tain , Xiaolin Zhang , Peng Zhang , Kun Zhan

We examine the linear regression problem in a challenging high-dimensional setting with correlated predictors where the vector of coefficients can vary from sparse to dense. In this setting, we propose a combination of probabilistic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-13 Roman Parzer , Peter Filzmoser , Laura Vana-Gür

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted much attention since it reduces the expensive costs of collecting adequate well-labeled training data, especially for deep learning methods. However, traditional SSL is built upon an assumption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Lie Ju , Yicheng Wu , Wei Feng , Zhen Yu , Lin Wang , Zhuoting Zhu , Zongyuan Ge

A major challenge in Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is the limited information available about the class distribution in the unlabeled data. In many real-world applications this arises from the prevalence of long-tailed distributions, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Khiem Pham , Charles Herrmann , Ramin Zabih

This work aims to tackle the labor-intensive and resource-consuming task of indoor positioning by proposing an efficient approach. The proposed approach involves the introduction of a semi-supervised learning (SSL) with a biased teacher…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-02 Yupeng Li , Xinyu Ning , Shijian Gao , Yitong Liu , Zhi Sun , Qixing Wang , Jiangzhou Wang

Self supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning paradigm where models learn to understand the underlying structure of data without explicit supervision from labeled samples. The acquired representations from SSL have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yunshan Duan , Sinead Williamson

The critical challenge of Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is how to effectively leverage the limited labeled data and massive unlabeled data to improve the model's generalization performance. In this paper, we first revisit the popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Hao Chen , Ran Tao , Yue Fan , Yidong Wang , Jindong Wang , Bernt Schiele , Xing Xie , Bhiksha Raj , Marios Savvides

In many modern machine learning applications, the outcome is expensive or time-consuming to collect while the predictor information is easy to obtain. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims at utilizing large amounts of `unlabeled' data along…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-16 Jessica Gronsbell , Tianxi Cai

Given a small set of labeled data and a large set of unlabeled data, semi-supervised learning (SSL) attempts to leverage the location of the unlabeled datapoints in order to create a better classifier than could be obtained from supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Michael C. Burkhart , Kyle Shan

This paper concerns pseudo labelling in segmentation. Our contribution is fourfold. Firstly, we present a new formulation of pseudo-labelling as an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for clear statistical interpretation. Secondly, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Mou-Cheng Xu , Yukun Zhou , Chen Jin , Marius de Groot , Daniel C. Alexander , Neil P. Oxtoby , Yipeng Hu , Joseph Jacob

Active Learning (AL) and Semi-supervised Learning are two techniques that have been studied to reduce the high cost of deep learning by using a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data. To improve the accuracy of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Jaeseung Lim , Jongkeun Na , Nojun Kwak

Deep learning-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms have led to promising results in medical images segmentation and can alleviate doctors' expensive annotations by leveraging unlabeled data. However, most of the existing SSL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Xiangde Luo , Jieneng Chen , Tao Song , Yinan Chen , Guotai Wang , Shaoting Zhang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation, but it often suffers from unstable pseudo labels under extremely limited annotations, leading to inaccurate supervision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ruili Li , Jiayi Ding , Ruiyu Li , Yilun Jin , Shiwen Ge , Yuwen Zeng , Xiaoyong Zhang , Eichi Takaya , Jan Vrba , Noriyasu Homma

The label scarcity problem is the main challenge that hinders the wide application of deep learning systems in automatic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) detection using electrocardiography (ECG). Tuning pre-trained models alleviates this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Rushuang Zhou , Lei Clifton , Zijun Liu , Kannie W. Y. Chan , David A. Clifton , Yuan-Ting Zhang , Yining Dong

Semi-supervised learning acts as an effective way to leverage massive unlabeled data. In this paper, we propose a novel training strategy, termed as Semi-supervised Contrastive Learning (SsCL), which combines the well-known contrastive loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Yuhang Zhang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Robert. C. Qiu , Jie Li , Haohang Xu , Qi Tian