Related papers: An analytical model for photomultiplier tube calib…

In this article, a new method is discussed for the calibration and monitoring of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This method is based on a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and it is fast and general so that it can be used in cases where an…

An analytical function is derived that exactly describes the amplification process due to a series of discrete, Poisson-like amplifications like those in a photo multiplier tube (PMT). A numerical recipe is provided that implements this…

The accurate calibration of photomultiplier tubes is critical in a wide variety of applications for which it is necessary to know the absolute number of detected photons or precisely determine the resolution of the signal. Conventional…

The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate the calibration of photomultipliers with a gaussian single photoelectron response using a numerical method based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Conventional techniques, commonly…

Photomultipliers are commonly used in commercial PET scanner as devices which convert light produced in scintillator by gamma quanta from positron-electron annihilation into electrical signal. For proper analysis of obtained electrical…

It is critical to construct an accurate optical model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in many applications to describe the angular and spectral responses of the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the PMTs in their working media. In this…

A method is described that allows calibration and assessment of the linearity of response of an array of photomultiplier tubes. The method does not require knowledge of the photomultiplier single photoelectron response model and uses…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are traditionally an integral part of large underground experiments as they measure the light emission from particle interactions within the enclosed detection media. The BUTTON experiment will utilise around…

The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope, which consists of large-scale 3D-arrays of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) currently under construction on the Mediterranean seabed, relies on accurate calibration procedures in order to answer its…

A simplified model is proposed based on the characteristics of the photomultiplier tube (PMT). The Model is compared to the available data, and it successes to reproduce the saturation profile of the PMT. The model also adds clarification…

We describe an improved in-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge distributions for each of the in-ice Hamamatsu Photonics R7081-02[MOD] photomultiplier tubes in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The characterization of the…

The accurate characterization of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) is crucial in a wide-variety of applications. However, current methods do not give fully accurate representations of the response of a PMT, especially at very low light levels.…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are extensively employed as photosensors in neutrino and dark matter detection. The precise charge and timing information extracted from the PMT waveform plays a crucial role in energy and vertex reconstruction.…

This paper demonstrates a novel method to extract photomultiplier tube (PMT) calibration timing constants in large liquid scintillation detectors from physics data using the machinery of unsupervised deep learning. The approach uses a…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used as photon sensors for neutrino and dark matter detection. Accurate charge and time information extracted from PMT waveforms is crucial for event reconstruction. An algorithm based on…

A method to set the predefined PMT gain with high precision is described. The method supposes minimal participation of the operator. After the rough initial setting of the gain, the automated system adjusts the PMT gain within a predefined…

Current and future neutrino and direct detection dark matter experiments hope to take advantage of improving technologies in photon detection. Many of these detectors are large, monolithic optical detectors that use relatively low-cost,…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are a central component of neutrino telescopes such as IceCube and KM3NeT, and an accurate understanding and measurement of their properties is indispensable for improvements of these experiments. In this…

Future large water Cherenkov and scintillator detectors have been proposed for measurements of long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, supernova and solar neutrinos. To ensure cost-effectiveness and optimize scientific reach, one…

We report the results of a characterization study of several types of cryogenic photomultipliers manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics and intended for operation in liquid Ar conditions, namely: compact 2-inch R6041-506MOD tubes, 3-inch…