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Quantum error mitigation techniques mimic noiseless quantum circuits by running several related noisy circuits and combining their outputs in particular ways. How well such techniques work is thought to depend strongly on how noisy the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 David Layden , Bradley Mitchell , Karthik Siva

The main ideas of quantum error correction are introduced. These are encoding, extraction of syndromes, error operators, and code construction. It is shown that general noise and relaxation of a set of 2-state quantum systems can always be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Steane

With the intense interest in small, noisy quantum computing devices comes the push for larger, more accurate -- and hence more useful -- quantum computers. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are, in principle, capable of achieving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-22 Akshaya Jayashankar , My Duy Hoang Long , Hui Khoon Ng , Prabha Mandayam

Scalable quantum computation in realistic devices requires that precise control can be implemented efficiently in the presence of decoherence and operational errors. We propose a general constructive procedure for designing robust unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 Kaveh Khodjasteh , Lorenza Viola

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. Practical implementations of these algorithms, despite offering certain levels of robustness against systematic errors, show a decline…

Recent advancements in quantum technologies have highlighted the importance of mitigating system imperfections, including parameter uncertainties and decoherence effects, to improve the performance of experimental platforms. However, most…

The fidelity of quantum operations is often limited by incoherent errors, which typically can be modeled by fundamental Markovian noise processes such as amplitude damping and dephasing. In Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 150504 (2022;…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Tahereh Abad , Yoni Schattner , Anton Frisk Kockum , Göran Johansson

Previous studies in quantum information have recognized that specific types of noise can encode information in certain applications. However, the role of noise in Quantum Hypothesis Testing (QHT), traditionally assumed to undermine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Qing Li , Lingna Wang , Min Jiang , Ze Wu , Haidong Yuan , Xinhua Peng

Coherent control errors, for which ideal Hamiltonians are perturbed by unknown multiplicative noise terms, are a major obstacle for reliable quantum computing. In this paper, we present a framework for analyzing the robustness of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Julian Berberich , Daniel Fink , Christian Holm

We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

Quantum purity amplification (QPA) provides a novel approach to counteracting the pervasive noise that degrades quantum states. We present the optimal QPA protocol for general quantum systems and global noise, resolving a two-decade open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Zhaoyi Li , Honghao Fu , Takuya Isogawa , Caio Silva , Isaac Chuang

Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) enables the extraction of high-quality results from the presently-available noisy quantum computers. In this approach, the effect of the noise on observables of interest can be mitigated using multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Ivan Henao , Jader P. Santos , Raam Uzdin

Large quantum computers promise to solve some critical problems not solvable otherwise. However, modern quantum technologies suffer various imperfections such as control errors and qubit decoherence, inhibiting their potential utility. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 Andrii Maksymov , Jason Nguyen , Yunseong Nam , Igor Markov

Numerous quantum error-mitigation protocols have been proposed, motivated by the critical need to suppress noise effects on intermediate-scale quantum devices. Yet, their general potential and limitations remain elusive. In particular, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Ryuji Takagi , Hiroyasu Tajima , Mile Gu

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

The presence of noise in quantum computers hinders their effective operation. Even though quantum error correction can theoretically remedy this problem, its practical realization is still a challenge. Testing and benchmarking noisy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Adrian Ortega , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

Currently available quantum computing hardware based on superconducting transmon architectures realizes networks of hundreds of qubits with the possibility of controlled nearest-neighbor interactions. However, the inherent noise and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Andreas Ketterer , Thomas Wellens

Random and uncontrollable noises from the environment during the design and measurement of superconducting qubits lead to limitations in qubit coherence time and gate fidelity, which is a major challenge in the current state of the art for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Hamid Reza Naeij

Meaningful quantum computing is currently bottlenecked by the error rates of current generation Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. To improve the fidelity of the quantum logic gates, it is essential to recognize the…

In this article, we explore the possibility of achieving noise suppression for finite-dimensional quantum systems through coherent feedback. For a quantum plant which is expected to evolve according to a target trajectory, noise effect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Shikun Zhang , Guofeng Zhang