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Related papers: Optimism, overconfidence, and moral hazard

200 papers

If we could define the set of all bad outcomes, we could hard-code an agent which avoids them; however, in sufficiently complex environments, this is infeasible. We do not know of any general-purpose approaches in the literature to avoiding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Michael K. Cohen , Marcus Hutter

I consider decision-making constrained by considerations of morality, rationality, or other virtues. The decision maker (DM) has a true preference over outcomes, but feels compelled to choose among outcomes that are top-ranked by some…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-17 Sarah Ridout

This paper presents a semi-quantitative mathematical model of the changes over time in the statistical distribution of well-being of individuals in a society. The model predicts that when individuals overvalue the more socially conspicuous…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-01-05 Chris Thron

Choice functions constitute a simple, direct and very general mathematical framework for modelling choice under uncertainty. In particular, they are able to represent the set-valued choices that typically arise from applying decision rules…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

This paper studies lying in a novel context. Previous work has focused on situations in which people are either fully aware of the economic consequences of all available actions (e.g., die-under-cup paradigm), or they are uncertain, but…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-05 Hélène Barcelo , Valerio Capraro

We are living in an uncertain and dynamically changing world, where optimal decision-making under uncertainty is directly linked to the survival of species. However, evolutionary selection pressures that shape value-based decision-making…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-04 Erdem Pulcu

It is known that the hazard ratio lacks a useful causal interpretation. Even for data from a randomized controlled trial, the hazard ratio suffers from built-in selection bias as, over time, the individuals at risk in the exposed and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Richard Post , Edwin van den Heuvel , Hein Putter

We introduce a new computational model of moral decision making, drawing on a recent theory of commonsense moral learning via social dynamics. Our model describes moral dilemmas as a utility function that computes trade-offs in values over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Richard Kim , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Andres Abeliuk , Edmond Awad , Sohan Dsouza , Josh Tenenbaum , Iyad Rahwan

This study introduces an agent-based model to study how regret, uncertainty, and social norms interact to shape vaccination behavior during epidemics. The model integrates three behavioral mechanisms, anticipated regret, evolving norms, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-18 Christos Charalambous

In this paper, we extend the optimal securitisation model of Pag\`es [50] and Possama\"i and Pag\`es [51] between an investor and a bank to a setting allowing both moral hazard and adverse selection. Following the recent approach to these…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2019-01-17 Nicolás Hernández Santibáñez , Dylan Possamaï , Chao Zhou

We study a two-period moral hazard problem; there are two agents, with action sets that are unknown to the principal. The principal contracts with each agent sequentially, and seeks to maximize the worst-case discounted sum of payoffs,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-02-15 Chang Liu

Humans display significant uncertainty when confronted with moral dilemmas, yet the extent of such uncertainty in machines and AI agents remains underexplored. Recent studies have confirmed the overly confident tendencies of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jea Kwon , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Sungwon Park , Meeyoung Cha

Confidence is an essential ingredient of success in a wide range of domains ranging from job performance and mental health, to sports, business, and combat. Some authors have suggested that not just confidence but overconfidence-believing…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-09-27 Dominic D. P. Johnson , James H. Fowler

We study optimal rating design under moral hazard and strategic manipulation. An intermediary observes a noisy indicator of effort and commits to a rating policy that shapes market beliefs and pay. We characterize optimal ratings via…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-08 Maryam Saeedi , Ali Shourideh

This paper studies how uncertainty about problem difficulty shapes problem-solving strategies. I develop a dynamic model where an agent solves a problem by brainstorming approaches of unknown quality and allocating a fixed effort budget…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-02 Nicholas Wu

This survey reviews recent developments in revealed preference theory. It discusses the testable implications of theories of choice that are germane to specific economic environments. The focus is on expected utility in risky environments;…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2019-12-04 Federico Echenique

This study proposes a tractable stochastic choice model to identify motivations for prosocial behavior, and to explore alternative motivations of deliberate randomization beyond ex-ante fairness concerns. To represent social preferences, we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-05-01 Yosuke Hashidate , Keisuke Yoshihara

Selection on moral hazard represents the tendency to select a specific health insurance coverage depending on the heterogeneity in utilisation ''slopes''. I use data from the Swiss Household Panel and from publicly available regulatory data…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-03 Francetic Igor

We propose and axiomatize a new model of incomplete preferences under uncertainty, which we call \textit{hope-and-prepare preferences}. An act is considered more desirable than an other act when, and only when, both an optimistic…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-07-29 Pierre Bardier , Bach Dong-Xuan , Van-Quy Nguyen

When making decisions under risk, people often exhibit behaviors that classical economic theories cannot explain. Newer models that attempt to account for these irrational behaviors often lack neuroscience bases and require the introduction…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-01-24 Ho Ka Chan , Taro Toyoizumi