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Overparametrized models can exhibit an excellent generalization performance, although they should be prone to overfitting according to classical statistical theory. The discovery of the "double descent", indicating that the generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tino Werner

Combining empirical risk minimization with capacity control is a classical strategy in machine learning when trying to control the generalization gap and avoid overfitting, as the model class capacity gets larger. Yet, in modern deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Marc Lafon , Alexandre Thomas

Double descent is a surprising phenomenon in machine learning, in which as the number of model parameters grows relative to the number of data, test error drops as models grow ever larger into the highly overparameterized (data…

Double descent presents a counter-intuitive aspect within the machine learning domain, and researchers have observed its manifestation in various models and tasks. While some theoretical explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Yufei Gu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Tomaso Aste

The relationship between the number of training data points, the number of parameters, and the generalization capabilities of models has been widely studied. Previous work has shown that double descent can occur in the over-parameterized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Xinyue Li , Rishi Sonthalia

Deep neural networks can achieve remarkable generalization performances while interpolating the training data perfectly. Rather than the U-curve emblematic of the bias-variance trade-off, their test error often follows a "double descent" -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Stéphane d'Ascoli , Maria Refinetti , Giulio Biroli , Florent Krzakala

Recently, the benefit of heavily overparameterized models has been observed in machine learning tasks: models with enough capacity to easily cross the \emph{interpolation threshold} improve in generalization error compared to the classical…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-09-03 Matthias Vigl , Lukas Heinrich

Overparametrized interpolating models have drawn increasing attention from machine learning. Some recent studies suggest that regularized interpolating models can generalize well. This phenomenon seemingly contradicts the conventional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-04 Bo Luan , Yoonkyung Lee , Yunzhang Zhu

In many modern applications of deep learning the neural network has many more parameters than the data points used for its training. Motivated by those practices, a large body of recent theoretical research has been devoted to studying…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-07 A. Tsigler , P. L. Bartlett

The rapid recent progress in machine learning (ML) has raised a number of scientific questions that challenge the longstanding dogma of the field. One of the most important riddles is the good empirical generalization of overparameterized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-07 Yehuda Dar , Vidya Muthukumar , Richard G. Baraniuk

The phenomenon of model-wise double descent, where the test error peaks and then reduces as the model size increases, is an interesting topic that has attracted the attention of researchers due to the striking observed gap between theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Chris Yuhao Liu , Jeffrey Flanigan

Empirically it has been observed that the performance of deep neural networks steadily improves as we increase model size, contradicting the classical view on overfitting and generalization. Recently, the double descent phenomena has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Ilja Kuzborskij , Csaba Szepesvári , Omar Rivasplata , Amal Rannen-Triki , Razvan Pascanu

Although overparameterized models have achieved remarkable practical success, their theoretical properties, particularly their generalization behavior, remain incompletely understood. The well known double descents phenomenon suggests that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Haoran Zhan , Yingcun Xia

Conventional statistical wisdom established a well-understood relationship between model complexity and prediction error, typically presented as a U-shaped curve reflecting a transition between under- and overfitting regimes. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Alicia Curth , Alan Jeffares , Mihaela van der Schaar

`Double descent' delineates the generalization behaviour of models depending on the regime they belong to: under- or over-parameterized. The current theoretical understanding behind the occurrence of this phenomenon is primarily based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-15 Sidak Pal Singh , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann , Bernhard Schölkopf

Deep learning methods operate in regimes that defy the traditional statistical mindset. Neural network architectures often contain more parameters than training samples, and are so rich that they can interpolate the observed labels, even if…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-14 Song Mei , Andrea Montanari

Classical statistical learning theory predicts a U-shaped relationship between test loss and model capacity, driven by the bias-variance trade-off. Recent advances in modern machine learning have revealed a more complex pattern,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-23 Yin Liu , Jianwen Cai , Didong Li

Recent studies observed a surprising concept on model test error called the double descent phenomenon, where the increasing model complexity decreases the test error first and then the error increases and decreases again. To observe this,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-14 Chathurika S Abeykoon , Aleksandr Beknazaryan , Hailin Sang

Over-parameterized models, such as large deep networks, often exhibit a double descent phenomenon, whereas a function of model size, error first decreases, increases, and decreases at last. This intriguing double descent behavior also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Reinhard Heckel , Fatih Furkan Yilmaz

Various classical machine learning models, including linear regression, kernel methods, and deep neural networks, exhibit double descent, in which the test risk peaks near the interpolation threshold and then decreases in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Kensuke Kamisoyama , Lento Nagano , Koji Terashi
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