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Computers are physical systems: what they can and cannot do is dictated by the laws of physics. In particular, the speed with which a physical device can process information is limited by its energy and the amount of information that it can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Seth Lloyd

According to the universal entropy bound, the entropy (and hence information capacity) of a complete weakly self-gravitating physical system can be bounded exclusively in terms of its circumscribing radius and total gravitating energy. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jacob D. Bekenstein

The purpose of this paper is to formalize the concept that best synthesizes our intuitive understanding of quantum mechanics -- that the information carried by a system is limited -- and, from this principle, to construct the foundations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Paolo Ferro

There is a long history in both general relativity and quantum mechanics of removing fixed background structures, thereby making observed objects and measurement processes dynamical. We continue this evolution by combining central insights…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-18 Per Berglund , Andrew Geraci , Tristan Hubsch , David Mattingly , Djordje Minic

After more than a century since its birth, Quantum Theory still eludes our understanding. If asked to describe it, we have to resort to abstract and ad hoc principles about complex Hilbert spaces. How is it possible that a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 G. Chiribella , G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti

In usual quantum theory, the information available about a quantum system is defined in terms of the density matrix describing it on a spacelike surface. This definition must be generalized for extensions of quantum theory which do not have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 James B. Hartle

We review of the interface between (theoretical) physics and information for non-experts. The origin of information as related to the notion of entropy is described, first in the context of thermodynamics then in the context of statistical…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-12-18 F. Alexander Bais , J. Doyne Farmer

Bekenstein has obtained is an upper limit on the entropy S, and from that, an information number bound N is deduced. In other words, this is the information contained within a given finite region of space that includes a finite amount of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-13 Ioannis Haranas , Ioannis Gkigkitzis

We describe the universe as a single entangled ensemble of quantum particles. The total entropy of this world ensemble, which can be expressed as a sum of information, thermodynamic and entanglement components, is assumed to be always zero.…

General Physics · Physics 2018-05-15 Merab Gogberashvili

The physics of matter in the condensed state is concerned with problems in which the number of constituent particles is vastly greater than can be easily comprehended. The inherent physical limitations of the human mind are fundamental and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-04-26 S. J. Blundell

This essay considers a simple model of observers that are influenced by the world around them. Consistent quantification of information about such influences results in a great deal of familiar physics. The end result is a new perspective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-16 Kevin H. Knuth

The notion of quantum information related to the two different perspectives of the global and local states is examined. There is circularity in the definition of quantum information because we can speak only of the information of systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Subhash Kak

Physics is so successful today in understanding the nature of matter. What can it say about mind ? Is it possible to have a unified theory of matter and mind within the framework of modern science ? Is Consciousness an accident or is it a…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Manoj K. Samal

It is a fundamental problem in physics of what principle limits the correlations as predicted by our current description of nature, based on quantum mechanics. One possible explanation is the "global exclusivity" principle recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-26 Bin Yan

In our previous arXiv papers ("The Information and the Matter", v1, v5; more systematically the informational conception is presented in the paper "The Information as Absolute", 2010) it was rigorously shown that Matter in our Universe -…

General Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Sergey V. Shevchenko , Vladimir V. Tokarevsky

Partial descriptions of the Universe are presented in the form of linear equations considered in the free (full, super) Fock space. The universal properties of these equations are discussed. The closure problem caused by computational and…

General Physics · Physics 2010-10-19 Jerzy Hanckowiak

This is an ongoing review on the idea that the phase space information loss at causal horizons is the key ingredient of major physical laws. Assuming that information is fundamental and the information propagates with finite velocity, one…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-01-31 Jae-Weon Lee

The limited distinctness of physical systems is roughly expressed by uncertainty relations. Here we show distinctness is a finite resource we can exactly count to define basic physical quantities, limits to the resolution of space and time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Norman Margolus

We consider probabilistic theories in which the most elementary system, a two-dimensional system, contains one bit of information. The bit is assumed to be contained in any complete set of mutually complementary measurements. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-10 Caslav Brukner , Anton Zeilinger

We discuss an apparent information paradox that arises in a materialist's description of the Universe if we assume that the Universe is 100% quantum. We discuss possible ways out of the paradox, including that Laws of Nature are not purely…

Popular Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Zura Kakushadze