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Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will be able to observe binary-black-hole mergers (BBHs) up to redshift of $\sim 30$. This gives unprecedented access to the formation and evolution of BBHs throughout cosmic history.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Ken K. Y. Ng , Salvatore Vitale , Will M. Farr , Carl L. Rodriguez

The spins of black holes in merging binaries can reveal information related to the formation and evolution of these systems through their gravitational wave emission. Combining events to infer the astrophysical distribution of black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-15 Jacob Golomb , Colm Talbot

Catalogs of stellar-mass compact binary systems detected by ground-based gravitational-wave instruments (such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo) will offer insights into the demographics of progenitor systems and the physics guiding…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-24 Stephen R. Taylor , Davide Gerosa

The rapidly increasing sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors is enabling the detection of a growing number of compact binary mergers. These events are crucial for understanding the population properties of compact binaries. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-05 Meesum Qazalbash , Muhammad Zeeshan , Richard O'Shaughnessy

Pair-instability supernovae leave behind no compact remnants, resulting in a predicted gap in the distribution of stellar black-hole masses. Gravitational waves from binary black-hole mergers probe the relevant mass range and analyses of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-12 Matthew Mould , Jack Heinzel , Sofia Alvarez-Lopez , Cailin Plunkett , Noah E. Wolfe , Salvatore Vitale

Binary black holes formed via different pathways are predicted to have distinct spin properties. Measuring these properties with gravitational waves provides an opportunity to unveil the origins of binary black holes. Recent work draws…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-27 Hui Tong , Shanika Galaudage , Eric Thrane

We present a full sampling of the hierarchical population posterior distribution of merging black holes using current gravitational-wave data. We directly tackle the most relevant intrinsic parameter space made of the binary parameters…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-05 Michele Mancarella , Davide Gerosa

Reconstructing the properties of the astrophysical population of binary compact objects in the universe is a key science goal of gravitational wave detectors. This goal is hindered by the finite strain, frequency sensitivity and observing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-21 Jam Sadiq , Kallol Dey , Thomas Dent , Enrico Barausse

While the origin of merging black-hole binaries observed in gravitational waves remain uncertain, different formation channels are expected to leave distinct imprints on their observed mass and spin distributions. In this work, we focus on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 Asad Hussain , Maximiliano Isi , Aaron Zimmerman

Next-generation gravitational-wave observatories will reach farther into the universe than currently possible, revealing black-hole mergers from early stellar binary systems such as Population III stars, whose properties are currently…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-13 Cailin Plunkett , Matthew Mould , Salvatore Vitale

The coalescence of binary black holes and neutron stars increases the entropy in the universe. The release of entropy from the inspiral stage to the merger depends primarily on the mass and spin vectors of the compact binary. In this study,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-06 Siyuan Chen , Karan Jani

The two interferometric LIGO gravitational-wave observatories provide the most sensitive data to date to study the gravitational-wave Universe. As part of a global network, they have just completed their third observing run in which they…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-24 Gregory Ashton , Sarah Thiele , Yannick Lecoeuche , Jess McIver , Laura K Nuttall

The merging black hole binaries detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) gravitational-wave observatories, may help us shed light on how such binaries form. In addition, these detections can help us probe the hypothesized primordial black…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-21 Mehdi El Bouhaddouti , Ilias Cholis

Recent LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) analyses have revealed complex structure in the binary black hole (BBH) population, including distinct features in the primary mass spectrum and nontrivial spin-mass correlations. However, the phenomenological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 Chayan Chatterjee

One fundamental goal of the newly born gravitational wave astronomy is discovering the origin of the observed binary black hole mergers. Towards this end, identifying features in the growing wealth of data may help in distinguishing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-13 G. Franciolini , P. Pani

The challenge of understanding the Universe's dynamics, particularly the Hubble tension, requires precise measurements of the Hubble constant. Building upon the existing spectral-siren method, which capitalizes on population information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-10 Thomas C. K. Ng , Stefano Rinaldi , Otto A. Hannuksela

With several dozen binary black hole events detected by LIGO/Virgo to date and many more expected in the next few years, gravitational-wave astronomy is shifting from individual-event analyses to population studies. Using the GWTC-2…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-11 Gabriele Franciolini , Vishal Baibhav , Valerio De Luca , Ken K. Y. Ng , Kaze W. K. Wong , Emanuele Berti , Paolo Pani , Antonio Riotto , Salvatore Vitale

We use the gravitational wave signals from binary black hole merger events observed by LIGO and Virgo to reconstruct the underlying mass and spin distributions of the population of merging black holes. We reconstruct the population using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-27 Vaibhav Tiwari , Stephen Fairhurst

We present the population properties of merging compact binaries inferred using 267 mergers from the cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 5.0. As this data set contains no new sources with a neutron star, we primarily focus on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-27 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration has detected over one hundred compact binary mergers in gravitational waves, but the formation history of these binaries remains an open question. Finding the host galaxies of these mergers will provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-16 Geoffrey Mo , Hsin-Yu Chen