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The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

Pre-trained neural Language Models (PTLM), such as CodeBERT, are recently used in software engineering as models pre-trained on large source code corpora. Their knowledge is transferred to downstream tasks (e.g. code clone detection) via…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Divyam Goel , Ramansh Grover , Fatemeh H. Fard

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promising performance on various programming tasks, including Automatic Program Repair (APR). However, most approaches to LLM-based APR are limited to the static analysis of the programs, while disregarding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Mirazul Haque , Petr Babkin , Farima Farmahinifarahani , Manuela Veloso

This paper presents a novel methodology for enhancing Automated Program Repair (APR) through synthetic data generation utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs). Current APR systems are constrained by the limited availability of high-quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have become a prevalent technique in deep learning for code, utilizing a two-stage pre-training and fine-tuning procedure to acquire general knowledge about code and specialize in a variety of downstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Martin Weyssow , Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , David Lo , Houari Sahraoui

Generating accurate code review comments remains a significant challenge due to the inherently diverse and non-unique nature of the task output. Large language models pretrained on both programming and natural language data tend to perform…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Md. Asif Haider , Ayesha Binte Mostofa , Sk. Sabit Bin Mosaddek , Anindya Iqbal , Toufique Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce code with subtle implementation-level bugs despite strong benchmark performance. These errors are hard for LLMs to spot and can have large behavioural effects; yet when asked to summarise code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lukas Twist

The gap between the trepidation of program reliability and the expense of repairs underscores the indispensability of Automated Program Repair (APR). APR is instrumental in transforming vulnerable programs into more robust ones, bolstering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yuze Zhao , Zhenya Huang , Yixiao Ma , Rui Li , Kai Zhang , Hao Jiang , Qi Liu , Linbo Zhu , Yu Su

The automated program repair field has attracted substantial interest over the years, but despite significant research efforts, creating a system that works well for complex semantic bugs such as security vulnerabilities has proven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Berkay Berabi , Alexey Gronskiy , Veselin Raychev , Gishor Sivanrupan , Victor Chibotaru , Martin Vechev

Automatic Program Repair (APR) is a core technology in software development and maintenance, with aims to enable automated defect repair with minimal human intervention. In recent years, the substantial advancements in Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Quanming Liu , Xupeng Bu , Zhichao Yan , Ru Li

Security vulnerability repair is a difficult task that is in dire need of automation. Two groups of techniques have shown promise: (1) large code language models (LLMs) that have been pre-trained on source code for tasks such as code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yi Wu , Nan Jiang , Hung Viet Pham , Thibaud Lutellier , Jordan Davis , Lin Tan , Petr Babkin , Sameena Shah

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown very impressive capabilities in code generation across many programming languages. However, even state-of-the-art LLMs generate programs that contains syntactic errors and fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 David Jiahao Fu , Aryan Gupta , Aaron Councilman , David Grove , Yu-Xiong Wang , Vikram Adve

GPT-3 and several other language models (LMs) can effectively address various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including machine translation and text summarization. Recently, they have also been successfully employed in the business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Kiran Busch , Alexander Rochlitzer , Diana Sola , Henrik Leopold

In recent years, Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques specifically designed for quantum programs have been proposed. However, existing approaches often suffer from low repair success rates or poor understandability of the generated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chihiro Yoshida , Yuta Ishimoto , Olivier Nourry , Masanari Kondo , Makoto Matsushita , Yasutaka Kamei , Yoshiki Higo

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they often lag behind specialized models in various tasks. LLMs only use a fraction of the existing training data for in-context learning, while task-specific models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Giorgos Vernikos , Arthur Bražinskas , Jakub Adamek , Jonathan Mallinson , Aliaksei Severyn , Eric Malmi

Automated program repair (APR) aims to fix software bugs automatically and plays a crucial role in software development and maintenance. With the recent advances in deep learning (DL), an increasing number of APR techniques have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Yuxiang Ma , Weisong Sun , Zhenyu Chen

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved the accuracy of automated program repair (APR) methods. However, LLMs are constrained by high computational resource requirements. Aims: We focus on small language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Kazuki Kusama , Honglin Shu , Masanari Kondo , Yasutaka Kamei

Automated program repair (APR) is designed to automate the process of bug-fixing. In recent years, thanks to the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), automated repair has achieved remarkable progress. Advanced APR techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Aolin Chen , Haojun Wu , Qi Xin , Steven P. Reiss , Jifeng Xuan

The automation of code review activities, a long-standing pursuit in software engineering, has been primarily addressed by numerous domain-specific pre-trained models. Despite their success, these models frequently demand extensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Junyi Lu , Lei Yu , Xiaojia Li , Li Yang , Chun Zuo

Context: Learning-based automatic program repair techniques are showing promise to provide quality fix suggestions for detected bugs in the source code of the software. These tools mostly exploit historical data of buggy and fixed code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Faria Huq , Masum Hasan , Mahim Anzum Haque Pantho , Sazan Mahbub , Anindya Iqbal , Toufique Ahmed